Écu au soleil

Luigi XII (1498-1514)
LUdOVICVS DEI GRACIA FRANCORVM REX, stemma coronato di Francia; sole sopra, segno alla XVIII lettera XPC VINCIT XPC REGNAT XPC INPERAT, croce fiorita con quadrilobo al centro ;, segno alla XVIII lettera
AV: 27mm, 3,42 g; zecca di Parigi, 1498.
Genova: scudo del sole
DVX ET GVBER REIPV GEN "castello"; sole sopra, stella sotto CONRADVS REX ROMA CG; croce.[1]
AV 3,36 g ca. 1541. CG sono le sigle del magistrato

Écu au soleil (anche: Écu sol, cioè "scudo con il sole") è un écu d'oro coniato per la prima volta da re Luigi XI di Francia (1461–1483) nel 1475.

Storia

L'écu au soleil prese il posto dell'écu á la couronne, da cui si distingueva perché sopra la corona era raffigurato un piccolo sole; al rovescio era raffigurata una croce gigliata.

La didascalia al dritto era „LVDOVICVS DEI GRA FRANCORVM REX“,[2], e quella al rovescio „XPC VINCIT XPC REGNAT XPC INPERAT“[3].

Il peso ed il titolo oscillarono: il primo écu au soleil pesava 3,496 grammi e conteneva 3,356 g d'oro (>23 carati), dal 1519 il peso scese a 3,436 g con 3,257 g d'oro, dal 1559 il peso scese ancora a 3,376 grammi e solo 3,235 di oro. Il valore nominale era inizialmente di 33 sol, dal 1487 salì a 36 sol 3 denier, dal 1516 a 40 sol, e dal 1533 a 45 sol.

Sotto Enrico II (1547–1559) fu coniato un écu au soleil che prese il nome di écu aux croissants (scudo ai crescenti lunari che erano raffigurati ai lati dello scudo reale. Il doppio écu prese anche il nome di Henri d'or (Enrico d'oro).[4]

L'écu au soleil coniato ancora sotto Carlo IX (1560-1574) con un valore di 50 sol. Sotto Enrico III (1574-1589) ne valeva 65 e sotto Luigi XIII (1610-1643) arrivò al 94 sol. Fu coniato anche a Genova da Luigi XII quando prese possesso della città.[4]

Luigi XIII nel 1640 introdusse una riforma monetaria è l'écu fu sostituito dal luigi d'oro.

Questa moneta fu imitata da molti stati europei.

In Italia fu coniato praticamente da tutte le zecche più importanti: dai Savoia, dai papi ad Avignone, Bologna, Roma e nelle Marche. Fu coniato anche a Ferrara, Firenze, Genova, Lucca, Milano, Napoli, Siena, Venezia.[4]

Fu coniato anche da diverse zecche minori tra cui Carmagnola, Ferrara, Mantova e nel ducato di Castro da Pierluigi Farnese.

Note

  1. ^ Corrado è Corrado III, Re dei Romani, che nel 1138 concesse a Genova il privilegio di battere moneta. Le monete genovesi recarono il suo nome fino agli anni 1630
  2. ^ Luigi, per grazia di Dio re dei Francesi
  3. ^ XPC è una delle abbreviazioni usate per Cristo. Viene dalle lettere greche chi, rho e sigma, che sono le prime tre consonanti del nome greco di Cristo: ΧΡΥCΤΟC (Christos): Cristo vince, Cristo regna, Cristo comanda
  4. ^ a b c Martinori: Moneta...

Bibliografia

  • Voce Écu au soleil, in: Friedrich von Schrötter: Wörterbuch der Münzkunde, Berlin [u.a.] 1930, pag. 170 e seg.
  • Martinori E. La moneta, vocabolario generale, Roma.
  • Giovanni Contrucci, Le monte del ducato di Castro, 2012.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

  Portale Numismatica: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di numismatica

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