Skjaldarmerki

Skjaldarmerki á Hyghalmen-rollunni frá því um 1485.

Skjaldarmerki er einkennismerki sem sett er saman á ákveðinn hátt (samkvæmt reglum skjaldarmerkjafræðinnar) og er í evrópskri hefð einkum tengt við aðalstitla. Uppruna skjaldarmerkja má rekja til riddara á miðöldum sem gerðu skjöld sinn og herklæði auðþekkjanleg á vígvellinum svo þeir þekktust hvort sem væri af vinum og óvinum. Í Englandi og Skotlandi er notkun skjaldarmerkja bundin við einstaklinga og erfist líkt og hver önnur eign, venjulega til elsta barns. Í sumum öðrum löndum er notkun skjaldarmerkja bundin við fjölskyldur.

Grunnur allra skjaldarmerkja er skjöldurinn sem getur verið af nokkrum gerðum. Skjaldarmerkjalitirnir raðast niður á grunnflötinn (feldinn) eftir ákveðnum reglum eftir því mynstri sem er á skildinum. Sjálft merkið (ef notað er merki) er síðan teiknað á skjöldinn. Talað er um höfuð, fót og skjaldarrönd þegar skjaldarmerkinu er lýst. Í sumum skjaldarmerkjum eru hlutir utan við sjálft skjaldarmerkið hlutar þess, svo sem skjaldberar (líkt og landvættirnir í skjaldarmerki Íslands), hjálmur með hjálmskrauti og kjörorð á borða fyrir neðan.

Nokkur orð tengd skjaldarmerkjum

  • feldmunstur
  • gaffalskiptur
  • gráfeldur vetrarskinn af íkorna, blágrátt og hvítt. Þegar gráfeldir eru saumaðir saman mynda þeir annað tveggja feldmunstra á skjaldarmerkjum.
  • kubbasnið
  • skábjálki
  • skákborðsmunstur
  • skjaldfótur
  • sperra skáborð eða burst sem skiptir skildi í fleti.
  • stólpi lóðrétt rönd eða stengur í miðjum skildi; sérstakt skjaldarmerki.
  • targa
  • tinktúra
  • þverbekkur þverbekkur á miðjum skildi eða skjaldarmerki
  Þessi grein er stubbur. Þú getur hjálpað til með því að bæta við greinina.

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