Bóluefni

Bóluefni er efni sem bætir ónæmiskerfi dýra gagnvart tilteknum smitsjúkdómi. Bóluefni eru unnnin úr veikluðum veirum eða bakteríum eða innihalda efni sem finnast í sýklum. Bóluefnið virkar þá þannig að þegar því er sprautað inn í líkama bregst ónæmiskerfi dýrsins við með því að mynda mótefni gegn bóluefninu. Þannig ber ónæmiskerfið kennsl á efnið næst þegar það kemst í tæri við það og myndar þá öflugri vörn en ella.

Markvissar og almennar bólusetningar barna hafa dregið úr tíðni margra barnasjúkdóma, svo sem mislinga, barnaveiki, kíghósta og lömunarveiki.

Fyrsta bóluefnið var þróað gegn bólusótt og dregur því nafn sitt af því. Með því að sýkja viljandi einstaklinga af mildara afbrigði bólusóttar, það er kúabólu, urðu einstaklingarnir ónæmir fyrir svæsnara bannvæna afbrigðinu. Af því dregur ennfremur enska heitið nafn sitt frá latínu, vacca - kýr.

Tenglar

Doktor.is Bólusetningar
Um bólusetningar á vef Landlæknisembættisins Geymt 12 maí 2010 í Wayback Machine
„Hvenær var fyrsta bóluefnið fundið upp og hvað er bóluefni?“. Vísindavefurinn.
„Hvað mælir með því og móti að bólusetja börn?“. Vísindavefurinn.
Maurice Ralph Hilleman bandarískur örverufræðingur sem sérhæfði sig í bólusetningum.

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