Evelyn Boyd Granville

mmádu

ụdịekere	nwanyị
mba o sị	Njikota Obodo Amerika
Aha ọmụmụ	Evelyn Boyd Granville
Aha enyere	Evelyn
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya	1 Mee 1924
Ebe ọmụmụ	Washington, D.C.
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya	27 Jụn 2023
Ebe ọ nwụrụ	Silver Spring
ọrụ ọ na-arụ	mathematician, ọkà mmụta sayensị kọmputa, university teacher
ụdị ọrụ ya	numerical calculus
ebe agụmakwụkwọ	Yale University, Smith College, Dunbar High School
academic thesis	On Laguerre series in the complex domain
onye ndụmọdụ doctoral	Einar Hille
nwa akwụkwọ	Etta Zuber Falconer, Vivienne Malone-Mayes
Archive na	Smith College Libraries
Ihe nrite	Wilbur Cross Medal, honorary degree from Spelman College
WikiProject na-elekọta ya	WikiProject Mathematics

Evelyn Boyd Granville (amuru May 1, 1924) bụ nwaanyị Afrika-Amerika nke abụọ nwetara Ph.D. na mgbakọ na mwepụ sitere na mahadum America; ^[1] o nwetara ya n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na Mahadum Yale . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Smith College n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri anọ na ise. ^{[2] [3]} Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ n’ihe gbasara kọmputa. ^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}

Amụrụ Evelyn Boyd na Washington, DC ; nna ya rụrụ ọrụ ndị na-adịghị mma n'ihi nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi mana ya na nne Boyd kewapụrụ mgbe ọ ka dị obere. Boyd na nwanne ya nwaanyị tọrọ n'aka nne ha na nwanne nne ha, bụ́ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Okike na Mbipụta . Ọ bụ valedictorian na Dunbar High School, nke n'oge ahụ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ kewapụrụ ma na-asọmpi agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii na Washington. ^[2]

Site na nkwado ego sitere n'aka nwanne nne ya na obere akwụkwọ nkuzi sitere na Phi Delta Kappa, Boyd banyere Smith College na ọdịda nke afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri anọ na otú Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics, mana ọ nwekwara mmasị dị ukwuu na mbara igwe. A họpụtara ya na Phi Beta Kappa na Sigma Xi wee gụchaa summa cum laude n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri anọ na ise. N'ịbụ onye akwụkwọ ikike gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Smith Student Aid Society of Smith College kwadoro ya, ọ tinyere akwụkwọ na mmemme gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ ma Mahadum Yale na Mahadum Michigan nabatara ya; ọ họọrọ Yale n'ihi enyemaka ego ha nyere. N'ebe ahụ, ọ mụtara nyocha ọrụ n'okpuru nlekọta nke Einar Hille, na-agwụcha akara mmụta doctorate nafo otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri anọ na iteghete. Akwụkwọ edemede ya bụ "Na Laguerre Series in the Complex Domain". ^[2]

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Boyd gara New York University Institute for Mathematics wee mee nyocha na nkuzi ebe ahụ. ^[11] Mgbe ọ mèchàrà, n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri ise,o weere ọnọdụ nkuzi na Fisk University, kọleji maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii na Nashville, Tennessee (ihe ndị ọzọ na-ewu ewu na-adịghị adị maka ụmụ nwaanyị ojii). Abụọ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya n'ebe ahụ, Vivienne Malone-Mayes na Etta Zuber Falconer, gara n'ihu inweta doctorate na mgbakọ na mwepụ nke onwe ha. Mana ka ọ na-erule 1952 ọ hapụrụ agụmakwụkwọ wee laghachi Washington n'ọkwa na Diamond Ordnance Fuze Laboratories . N'onwa Jenụwarị n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri ise na isii, ọ kwagara IBM dị ka onye mmemme kọmputa ; mgbe IBM nwetara nkwekọrịta NASA, ọ kwagara Vanguard Computing Center na Washington, DC ^[12]

Boyd si Washington kwaga New York City n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri ise na asaa. Nafo otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri isii, mgbe ọ lụsịrị Reverend G. Mansfield Collins, Boyd kwagara Los Angeles . N'ebe ahụ ọ rụrụ ọrụ na US Space Technology Laboratories, nke ghọrọ North American Aviation Space na Information Systems Division n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri isii na abụọ. ^[12] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche maka mmemme Apollo, gụnyere sistemu igwe nke eluigwe, mgbako trajectory, na “usoro kọmputa dijitalụ”. ^[13]

Manyere ịkwaga n'ihi nhazigharị na IBM, ^[2] ọ nwetara ọkwa na California State University, Los Angeles n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri ịsii na asaa dị ka onye prọfesọ zuru oke nke mgbakọ na mwepụ. ^[12] Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na CSULA nafo otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri asatọ na anọ ọ kụziri na Texas College na Tyler, Texas afọ anọ, nafo otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri iteghete onyeere ngalaba nke Mahadum Texas na Tyler dị ka Sam A. Lindsey Prọfesọ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ. N'ebe ahụ, ọ malitere mmemme ime ka mgbakọ na mwepụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị. Kemgbe afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri isii na asaa, Granville ka bụ onye nkwado siri ike maka agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwaanyị na teknologi. ^[2]

N'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri ise na otu a jụrụ Granville na ndị ọrụ ibe ya abụọ nke Afrịka-Amerika America ịbanye na nzukọ mpaghara nke Mathematical Association of America (MAA), n'ihi na e mere ya na họtel naanị ndị ọcha. MAA na American Mathematical Society (AMS) mechara gbanwee omume ha, n'okpuru nrụgide Lee Lorch, iji meziwanye njikọta ha.^[14]

Boyd lụrụ Reverend Gamaliele Mansifeld Collins nafo otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri isii na otù. N'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri isii na asaa Boyd na Collins gbara alụkwaghịm. Ọ lụrụ onye na- ere ahịa Edward V. Granville n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri asaa. ^{[2] [12]} Ha abụọ kwagara Tyler, Texas n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri asatọ na atọ. ^[15]

N'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri asatọ na iteghete, Smith College nyere ya nzere doctorate, nke mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ America nyere nwanyị African-American mgbakọ na mwepụ.^[2]

A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche Sam A. Lindsey nke Mahadum Texas na Tyler (1990-1991).^[16]

N'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri iteghete na asatọ, National Academy of Engineering kwanyeere Granville ùgwù.^[17]

N'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri iteghete na iteghete, United States National Academy of Sciences kpọbatara ya na Portrait Collection of African-Americans in Science.^[18]

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ, e nyere ya Wilbur Lucius Cross Medal, nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke Yale Graduate School Alumni Association.^[19]

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na otú, e hotara ya na mkpebi nkwonkwo nke steeti Virginia No. 377, na-ahọpụta Febụwarị 25 dị ka "African-American Scientist and Inventor Day".^[20]

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na isii, Spelman College nyere ya akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ.^[21]

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isii, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ New Relic's Mount Codemore kpọrọ ya dịka otu n'ime "ndị dike anọ nke onyinye ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị na teknụzụ".^[22]

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na iteghete, Mathematically Gifted & Black ghọtara ya dị ka Black History Month Honoree .^[23]

• Euphemia Haynes, nwanyị Afrịka-Amerịka ọzọ nwetara Ph.D. na mgbakọ na mwepụ ọbụna tupu mgbe ahụ, n'afọ otú pụkụ narị iteghete na iri anọ na atọ.

1. ↑ 10 Famous Women in Tech History. Dice Insights (2016-03-14). Retrieved on 2017-02-01.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6} Williams. Evelyn Boyd Granville. Mathematics Department, State University of New York at Buffalo. Retrieved on 2014-06-21..
3. ↑ Schlager (2001). "Evelyn Boyd Granville", Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Gale Group. ISBN 9780787639334. 
4. ↑ Nowlan (2017). Masters of Mathematics: The Problems They Solved, Why These Are Important, and What You Should Know about Them. Springer. ISBN 9789463008938. “Granville [contributed] her expertise in the field of computer science during its pioneer years.” 
5. ↑ (2008) Inventors and Inventions, Volume 2. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 9780761477648. “During the 1960s, perhaps the greatest achievement in computing was guiding Apollo space rockets to the moon. Some of the important Apollo programs were written by Elizabeth Boyd Granville (1924-).” 
6. ↑ Smith E-News 2006. Smith College (2006). Retrieved on 2017-10-29. “[Granville has] long been a pioneer in applied mathematics and computer technology, having joined the staff of IBM in 1956 to work on projects for NASA.”
7. ↑ Kessler (1996). Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780897749558. “[At] the Space Technology Laboratories in Los Angeles, [Granville] continued her pioneering work on orbit computations for manned space vehicles.” 
8. ↑ Newsletter of the Department of Mathematics at the University of Michigan Summer 2001. University of Michigan (2001). “At IBM, Dr. Granville played an exciting and fundamental role in the dawn of the computer age, especially as it was being applied to celestial mechanics. For example, she was part of the team of scientists responsible for writing the computer programs that tracked the paths of vehicles in space on NASA’s Project Vanguard and Project Mercury.”
9. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specifiedCollins (2016-06-13). . “Another groundbreaker is Dr. Evelyn Boyd Granville, a mathematician who worked on orbit computations and computer procedures for three space-related projects — Project Vanguard (originally managed by the Naval Research Laboratory and later transferred to NASA); Project Mercury (the nation’s first effort to put a man in space); and the program that eventually put a man on the moon, Project Apollo.”
10. ↑ Mirjana (2010). "A Note on Performance and Satisfaction of Female Students Studying Computer Science". Innovation in Teaching and Learning in Information and Computer Sciences 9 (1): 32–41. DOI:10.11120/ital.2010.09010032. 
11. ↑ Boyd Granville (Fall 1989). My Life as a Mathematician. Biographies of Women Mathematicians.
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3} Collins (February 7, 2017). Unsung: Dr. Evelyn Boyd Granville. UnDark. Retrieved on 7 November 2018.
13. ↑ Ray Spangenburg (1 January 2003). African Americans in Science, Math, and Invention. Infobase Publishing, 97–. ISBN 978-1-4381-0774-5. 
14. ↑ (March 2011) "Media Highlights". The College Mathematics Journal 42 (2): 163–172. DOI:10.4169/college.math.j.42.2.163. 
15. ↑ Granville, Evelyn Boyd (1924- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed (en). blackpast.org (2007-03-03). Retrieved on 2018-10-16.
16. ↑ Ray Spangenburg (1 January 2003). African Americans in Science, Math, and Invention. Infobase Publishing, 98–. ISBN 978-1-4381-0774-5. 
17. ↑ Academy Honors Three During African American History Month. NAE Website.
18. ↑ "Pioneer in science: Evelyn Granville", New Pittsburgh Courier, March 27, 1999..
19. ↑ Yale Bulletin and Calendar - News. Archives.news.yale.edu. Retrieved on 29 October 2017.
20. ↑ 2001 SESSION SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 377 : Designating February 25 as "African-American Scientist and Inventor Day.". Lis.virginia.gov. Retrieved on 29 October 2017.
21. ↑ Spelman College: Honorary Degree Recipients, 1977–Present. Spelman.edu. Retrieved on 29 October 2017.
22. ↑ Jordan (2016-04-26). 'Mount Codemore' Honors Four Women Technology Titans. blog.newrelic.com. Archived from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved on 2017-10-29.
23. ↑ Evelyn Boyd Granville. Mathematically Gifted & Black.