Willem Rassers

W.H. Rassers

Willem Huibert Rassers (16 September 1877 – 15 Mei 1973), adalah seorang Indolog dan kurator Belanda.

Kehidupan pribadi

Setelah menyelesaikan sekolah tata bahasanya di Den Haag, Rassers pada awalnya belajar bahasa Belanda untuk beberapa waktu di Universitas Leiden, namun di bawah pengaruh ahli bahasa Sansekerta, Hendrik Kern, dia beralih ke studi bahasa Indonesia. Setelah lulus ujian pada tahun 1899, Rassers berhenti dari studinya karena penyakit migrain, yang berarti dia tidak bisa lagi berkonsentrasi. Ia kembali ke Roosendaal, dimana dia akan bekerja bertahun-tahun sebagai penanam pohon. Pada tahun 1918, dia melanjutkan studinya di Leiden dan melakukan ujian doktoralnya dalam usia 40 tahun. Pada tahun yang sama, dia menjadi kurator di Museum Nasional Etnologi di Leiden. Dari tahun 1937 sampai masa pensiunnya pada tahun 1943, dia menjadi direktur di sana. Selama tahun-tahun tersebut, bidang studi Rassers berkembang dari bahasa ke antropologi.

Sepanjang hidupnya, Rassers belum pernah melakukan pekerjaan lapangan. Pada tahun 1935, Rassers diangkat sebagai anggota Akademi Kesenian dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Kerajaan Belanda.

Karya

Rassers hanya bekerja selama 20 tahun sebagai peneliti ilmiah dan jurnalis. Pada tahun 1922, ia mengangkat kisah pahlawan rakyat mitos Jawa Pangeran Panji sebagai topik untuk disertasi doktornya. Ia pada dasarnya menulis tentang budaya material di Indonesia, di mana ketertarikannya terutama beralih ke teater bayangan Jawa, wayang, dan keris. Pendekatan Rassers terhadap ekspresi budaya ini sangat mendasar. Melalui studi tentang objek budaya, ia secara mendalam masuk ke dalam sistem klasifikasi sosial lama, seperti perbandingan kuno antara maskulin dan feminin, ringan dan gelap, baik dan jahat. Bersama dengan rekannya di museum, Profesor J.P.B. de Josselin de Jong, yang pemikirannya sangat mempengaruhi Rassers, mereka dianggap sebagai salah satu pendiri strukturalisme Leiden dalam antropologi budaya.

Publikasi

  • 1922. De Pandji-roman (disertasi di Universitas Leiden). Antwerpen: D. de Vos-van Kleef.
  • 1925. Over den zin van het Javaansche drama, dalam: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 81, hlmn. 311-381.
  • 1938. Inleiding tot een bestudeering van den Javaansche kris. Mededeelingen Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, afdeeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, vol I, n. 8, hlmn. 425-483.
  • 1940, On the Javanese kris, dalam: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 100, pp. 377–403.
  • 1959. Pandji, The Culture Hero. A Structural Study of Religion in Java (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Translation Series 3 (1982).

Referensi

Daftar pustaka

  • Locher, G.W., 'Willem Huibert Rassers', dalam: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 130, 1974, pp. 1–15.
  • Prager, Michael and Pieter ter Keurs (eds.), W.H. Rassers and the Batak Magic Staff (Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde Leiden, no. 29). Leiden: RMV, 1998.
  • Teeuw, A., 'Willem Huibert Rassers', dalam: H.J.M. Maier en A.Teeuw (eds.), Honderd jaar studie van Indonesië 1850-1950. Levensbeschrijvingen van twaalf Nederlandse onderzoekers. Den Haag: B.V Drukkerij en uitgeverij Smits, 1976.
  • Wengen, G. van, "Wat is er te doen in Volkenkunde?". De bewogen geschiedenis van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde in Leiden. Leiden, 2002

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