Verba-objek-subjek

Dalam tipologi linguistik, urutan verba-objek-subjek atau verba-objek-subjek, yang biasa disingkat VOS, adalah salah satu pola dalam menulis kalimat. Contoh padanan dalam bahasa Indonesia seperti "Kembalikan buku saya." Pola kalimat ini biasanya digunakan untuk meminta atau memerintah seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu. Menulis kalimat perintah menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, dibutuhkan urutan pola kalimat yang diawali verba agar makna yang disampaikan dapat dimengerti oleh penerima pesan. Hanya sedikit bahasa dari negara lain yang menggunakan pola kalimat VOS secara baku.[1]

Penggunaan

Pola kalimat VOS dikatakan tidak baku. Pola ini mendapat urutan keempat di dunia.[1] Hanya beberapa negara yang menggunakan pola ini secara resmi, hanya terjadi pada rumpun bahasa Austronesia dan Maya.[2] Banyak bahasa yang mencoba menggunakan pola kalimat VOS dengan alasan agar terdengar fleksibel dan mudah dipahami (seperti St’át’imcets, Chamorro, dan Tonga), yang biasanya bergantian antara VOS dan VSO. VOS dan VSO biasanya diklasifikasikan sebagai verba-inisial karena memiliki banyak kesamaan sifat, seperti tidak adanya verba "memiliki" dan tata bahasa verba-inisial.[3]

Ciri-ciri

Pola kalimat VOS memiliki penekanan kuat pada bagian verba dibandingkan objek dan subjek, karena mencirikan sebuah kalimat yang bermakna memerintah atau meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu. Walau umumnya menggunakan pola kalimat perintah memiliki inversi atau VS (verba-subjek), dengan penambahan objek untuk permintaan yang bersifat memaksa agar segera dilakukan.

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Tomlin, Russell S. (1986). Basic word order : functional principles. London: Croom Helm. ISBN 0-7099-2499-2. OCLC 13423631. 
  2. ^ Chung, Sandra. Properties of VOS Languages. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing. hlm. 685–720. 
  3. ^ "WALS Online - Chapter Order of Subject, Object and Verb". wals.info. Diakses tanggal 2022-10-26. 

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