Ulir

Ulir[1] (bahasa Inggris: Rifling) adalah alur spiral pada bagian dalam laras senjata api. Ulir berfungsi sebagai penyeimbang proyektil dengan cara memutarnya untuk meningkatkan akurasi dan kestabilan aeorodinamis proyektil.

Ulir biasanya diukur berdasarkan jarak antara alur ulir (twist) spiral dalam laras senjata api. Alur ini mengindikasikan bahwa peluru harus melalui serangkaian alur berulir untuk dapat keluar dari laras senjata api, contohnya "1 putaran dalam 10 inchi", hal ini berarti peluru/proyektil harus melalui satu putaran dalam jarak 10 inchi (1:10 inch), atau "1 putaran dalam 25,4 cm" (1:25,4 cm). Jarak ulir yang pendek berarti proyektil akan melesat lebih cepat cepat/pendek, artinya proyektil akan berputar pada putaran yang lebih tinggi.

Kombinasi antara panjang, berat dan bentuk proyektil menentukan perbandingan dari (twist rate) yang akan diaplikasikan. Proyektil berdiameter besar membutuhkan twist rate seperti 1 putaran dalam 48 inchi (122 cm),[2] sedangkan proyektil atau peluru berdiameter kecil contohnya peluru 80-grain 0.224 inch (5,2 g, 5,56 mm) membutuhkan twist rate yang lebih tinggi seperti 1 putaran dalam 8 inchi (20 cm) atau yang lebih tinggi.[3]

Dalam beberapa kasus, ulir akan memiliki ulir yang berkurang sesuai dengan panjang larasnya, artinya makin panjang laras akan semakin kecil/rapat ulirnya, hal ini dikenal dengan nama gain twist atau progressive twist; banyaknya ulir yang berkurang sepanjang jarak senapan dari breech (pangkal laras) ke ujung laras akan mempengarunhi stabilitas proyektil.[4][5] Proyektil berukuran panjang contohnya flechette akan membutuhkan jalur ulir yang tinggi/renggang, dikarenakan proyektil jenis ini membutuhkan stabilitas yang lebih tinggi, bahkan kadang kala tipe ulir pada laras yang digunakan bertipe smoothbore.

Ulir pada laras meriam tank 105 mm.
Ulir pada pistol yang menggunakan amunisi 9 mm
Peluru yang sudah digunakan (A), terdapat bekas ulir pada bagian luarnya.
Alur laju (driving band) pada amunisi meriam (shrapnel) terdapat di bagian pangkal amunisi.

Referensi

  1. ^ Marhiyanto, Bambang. 2007. Kamus Teknik Lengkap. Surabaya: SERBA JAYA Surabaya
  2. ^ Randy D. Smith. "The .54 Caliber Muzzleloader". Chuck Hawks. 
  3. ^ "Products::Rifle Barrels::Calibers and Twists". Shilen Rifles, Inc. 
  4. ^ "gain twist". MidwayUSA GunTec Dictionary. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-15. Diakses tanggal 2012-04-14. 
  5. ^ Dan Lilja. "What makes a barrel accurate?". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-08-30. Diakses tanggal 2012-04-14. 


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