Persatuan Lublin

Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania pada tahun 1569

Persatuan Lublin (bahasa Polandia: unia lubelska; bahasa Lituania: Liublino unija) adalah sebuah kesepakatan yang ditandatangani pada tanggal 1 Juli 1569 di Lublin, Polandia. Kesepakatan ini mendirikan sebuah negara baru, yaitu Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania. Persatuan Lublin menggantikan uni personal Kerajaan Polandia dengan Keharyapatihan Lituania dan mengubahnya menjadi perserikatan yang sesungguhnya. Kesepakatan ini juga menghapuskan sebagian besar otonomi Prusy Królewskie. Sementara itu, Kadipaten Livonia yang telah tergabung dalam sebuah perserikatan dengan Lituania semenjak disepakatinya Persatuan Grodno (1566) menjadi wilayah bersama Polandia-Lituania.^[1]

Kepala negara persemakmuran ini dipilih dengan menggunakan sistem monarki elektif, karena penguasa terakhir dari Dinasti Jagiellon, Sigismund II Augustus, meninggal tanpa dikaruniai oleh penerus meskipun sudah menikah sebanyak tiga kali. Penguasa Persemakmuran menjalankan tugasnya sebagai Raja Polandia dan Haryapatih Lituania, dan memerintah bersama dengan Senat dan Parlemen ("Sejm"). Lituania menerima penyatuan ini karena posisi mereka terancam oleh Ketsaran Rusia.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Kesepakatan ini merupakan kesepakatan yang sangat penting dalam sejarah beberapa bangsa, walaupun beberapa sejarawan memandangnya dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Persatuan Lublin kadang-kadang dianggap sebagai saat ketika kelas bangsawan Szlachta (termasuk orang Lituania/Rutenia) mencapai puncak kejayaannya dan mendirikan sebuah demokrasi bangsawan yang berlawanan dengan monarki absolut di negara-negara Eropa lainnya. Beberapa sejarawan juga memusatkan perhatian pada aspek positifnya, seperti sifatnya yang damai, didirikan secara sukarela, dan inklusif, serta membawa kesejahteraan ekonomi dan undang-undang yang baik; di sisi lain, ada pula yang memandang persatuan ini sebagai penyebab ketidakstabilan sosial dan politik yang memicu Pembagian Polandia sekitar 200 tahun kemudian. Beberapa sejarawan Lituania memiliki pandangan yang kritis dan menganggapnya sebagai alat dominasi bangsawan Polandia.

Catatan kaki

^ Dybaś, Bogusław (2006). "Livland und Polen-Litauen nach dem Frieden von Oliva (1660)". Dalam Willoweit, Dietmar; Lemberg, Hans. Reiche und Territorien in Ostmitteleuropa. Historische Beziehungen und politische Herrschaftslegitimation. Völker, Staaten und Kulturen in Ostmitteleuropa (dalam bahasa German). 2. Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. hlm. 51–72,109. ISBN 3-486-57839-1.
^ Dvornik, Francis, The Slavs in European History and Civilization, Rutgers University Press, ISBN 0-8135-0799-5, Google Print, p.254
^ Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925339-0, Google Print, hlm.50
^ W. H. Zawadzki, A Man of Honour: Adam Czartoryski as a Statesman of Russia and Poland, 1795-1831, Oxford University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-19-820303-9, Google Print, hlm.1

Pranala luar

Teks lengkap Persatuan Lublin (bahasa Polandia)

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