Perang Gaza (2008–2009)

Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009
Bagian dari Konflik Israel-Palestina

Wilayah konflik
Tanggal27 Desember 2008 – 18 Januari 2009
(3 minggu, 1 hari)
LokasiJalur Gaza & Israel Selatan
Hasil

Kemenangan Taktis Israel

  • Hamas dan Israel Menyatakan Gencatan Senjata
Pihak terlibat
 Israel Hamas
Front Pembebasan Untuk Rakyat Palestina
Jihad Islam Palestina[1]
Brigade Martir al-Aqsa
Komite Perlawanan Populer
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Israel Ehud Olmert
Israel Shimon Peres
Israel Ehud Barak
Israel Gabi Ashkenazi
Israel Ido Nehoshtan (IAF)
Israel Eli Marom (ISC)
Israel Yoav Galant (SoCom)
Israel Yair Golan (HFC)
Hamas Khaled Mashal
Hamas Ismail Haniyeh
Hamas Mahmoud az-Zahar
Hamas Ahmad Jabari
Hamas Osama Mazini
Hamas Mohammed Deif
Jamil Mezher
Abdullah Shallah
Kekuatan
176.500 Tentara Reguler (total)[2]
20.000 Tentara dikerahkan ke Gaza

30.000 Milisi dan Polisi[3]

  • 20.000 anggota Hamas
Korban

Jumlah terbunuh: 14 tewas[4][5]
Tentara : 11 tewas[6]
Warga sipil : 3 tewas[6][7]

Jumlah terluka: 518 terluka
Tentara : 336 terluka[8][9]
Warga sipil : 182 terluka[10][11]

Versi Hamas:
Tewas: 227
Terluka: 207 [3]
Tank: 47
Pesawat tempur: 3
Pesawat tanpa awak: 1 [4]

Jumlah terbunuh: 1.166–1.402 tewas[10]
Militan dan polisi :
200–300 tewas (per Hamas),[12]
650 tewas (Per IDF)[13]
491 tewas (255 polisi, 236 milisi) (Per PCHR)
Warga sipil :
759 tewas (Per Reuters)
926 tewas (Per PCHR)[14][15]

Jumlah terluka:
5.300 terluka (Kementerian Kesehatan (Palestina))[10][16]

Seorang petugas perbatasan Mesir tewas dan tiga petugas perbatasan dan dua anak-anak terluka.[17][18]

Lebih dari 50.800 warga Gaza kehilangan tempat tinggal.[19]

*Jumlah korban jiwa dan status warga sipil/pejuang di Gaza belum dapat dipastikan secara independen.[20][21][22][23][24]
**IDF mengklaim bahwa korban yang tewas adalah "anggota Hamas".[13] 168 polisi yang tewas (138 saat serangan udara awal) dianggap IDF sebagai pejuang musuh sementara PCHR menganggap mereka warga sipil.[15][25]
***Tidak ada perkiraan korban jiwa warga sipil pria yang bukan manula. Sekitar 723 korban jiwa adalah: 4 petugas PBB[26][27] dan 13 petugas medis,[26][28] 4 jurnalis,[29] 3 pemain sepak bola,[30] 412 anak-anak,[10] 110 wanita,[10] 97 manula,[31][32] dan 40-80 orang yang dieksekusi Hamas.[33] Selain itu dua warga asing, seorang wanita Ukraina dan anaknya juga termasuk korban jiwa.[34]

****Terdapat 1.855 anak-anak[10] dan 795 wanita[10] yang termasuk korban yang terluka.

Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009 merujuk pada konflik yang berlangsung antara Israel dan Hamas, yang terjadi setelah kedaluwarsanya gencatan senjata selama 6 bulan.[35] Israel melancarkan serangan udara, disebut Mivtza Oferet Yetzukah (bahasa Ibrani: מבצע עופרת יצוקה‎), terhadap Jalur Gaza .

Partai-partai berkuasa di Israel menjadikan perang sebagai propaganda menjelang pemilu parlemen Israel pada 10 Februari 2009.[36] Sebuah jajak pendapat yang dilakukan surat kabar Haaretz menunjukkan masyarakat Israel berada di belakang operasi itu. Bahkan, di samping 52 persen yang mendukung serangan udara, ada 19 persen yang mengharapkan serangan darat. Dari semua ini, ada 25 persen yang menganjurkan gencatan senjata secepatnya. Perkembangan ini menyelamatkan popularitas koalisi Partai Kadima (Menteri Luar Negeri Tzipi Livni) dan Partai Buruh (Menteri Pertahanan Ehud Barak), yang melorot ketika menghadapi Benjamin Netanyahu yang ultranasionalis.[37]

Dalam perang kali ini faksi yang bergabung adalah Hamas, Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina dan Jihad Islam Palestina serta Front Rakyat bagi Pembebasan Palestina menyatakan yang bertanggung jawab atas [38] tiga atau lima roket yang dilepaskan dari Libanon menghantam tiga lokasi berbeda di wilayah Galilea Israel utara. Tembakan roket dari luar Palestina itu mencederai dua orang.[39] Israel membalas dengan menembakkan 6 mortir ke arah Libanon. Belum diketahui apakah terdapat korban jiwa dari serangan balasan Israel tersebut.[40] akan tetapi Pemerintahan Hamas berjanji akan memberikan uang pengganti kepada para korban [41] serta berdampak traumatik pada masyarakat sipil [42]

Pada 17 Januari 2009, Israel secara sepihak menyatakan gencatan senjata dalam konflik tersebut.[43] Dua hari kemudian Hamas turut menyatakan gencatan senjata setelah Israel mengumumkan akan menarik pasukannya dari Jalur Gaza dalam waktu 1 minggu. [44]

Referensi

  1. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/mritems/Images//2009/1/20/200912091554774734_8.jpg][http://www.pflp.ps/english/?q=pflp-our-position-ceasefire-calm-and-weapons-resis.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)
  2. ^ The Institute for National Security Studies", chapter Israel Diarsipkan 2008-08-13 di Wayback Machine., 23 Maret 2008.
  3. ^ Artikel "Religious war in Gaza" di Ynetnews.com
  4. ^ Israel tightens grip on urban parts of Gaza Diarsipkan 2009-01-09 di Wayback Machine.. By Nidal al-Mughrabi. 12 Januari 2009. Reuters.
  5. ^ Israel steps up attacks in Gaza; Hamas indicates it's open to a truce. By Sebastian Rotella and Rushdi abu Alouf. January 13, 2009. LA Times.
  6. ^ a b "Hamas rocket team leader killed, Israel says". CNN. January 10, 2009. 
  7. ^ Current events. Embassy of Israel in Washington DC. In the middle of the page is a list of four Israelis killed by rocket and mortar fire. One was a soldier killed on a military base inside Israel. This explains the confusion in counting civilian and military dead in some articles.
  8. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7832406.stm
  9. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-19. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-20. 
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator. 19 January 2009 Diarsipkan 2009-01-21 di Wayback Machine.. Jan. 19, 2009. OCHA oPt (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory).[1]
  11. ^ "Rocket slams into Ashdod kindergarten" Diarsipkan 2012-01-19 di Wayback Machine.. Jan 6, 2009. Jerusalem Post. "Four Israelis have been killed, 10 moderately to seriously wounded, and 29 slightly wounded. Another 144 have been treated for shock."
  12. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4288511/Hamas-declares-victory-in-Gaza-claiming-it-lost-only-48-fighters.html Hamas declares victory in Gaza claiming it lost only 48 fighters
  13. ^ a b Discrepancies over number of Palestinian civilian deaths[pranala nonaktif permanen]. Jan. 13, 2009.Jerusalem Post.
  14. ^ After ceasefire, Israel examines fallout of Gaza war. By Luke Baker. Jan. 18, 2009. Reuters.
  15. ^ a b 23rd Day of Continuous IOF Attacks on the Gaza Strip Diarsipkan 2009-01-24 di Wayback Machine.. 18 January 2009. Palestinian Center for Human Rights.
  16. ^ FACTBOX - Developments in Gaza fighting on January 17. January 17, 2009. Reuters.
  17. ^ סוכנויות הידיעות. "קצין מצרי נהרג מירי אנשי חמאס סמוך למעבר רפיח" (dalam bahasa Hebrew). nana10.co.il. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-01. 
  18. ^ "Two Egyptian Children, Police Injured in Israeli Air Strike Near Gaza Border". 2009-01-11. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-15. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-20. 
  19. ^ "Gaza homeless toll 'hits 50,000'" news.bcc.co.uk 19 January 2009 Link retrieved 19-01-09
  20. ^ Israeli human rights groups speak out as death toll passes 1,000. Jan. 15, 2009. Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem and Sarah Boseley. The Guardian
  21. ^ More than 1,000 killed in Gaza'. Jan. 14, 2009. BBC News.
  22. ^ The macabre count of a doctor in Gaza. Jan. 11, 2009. Agence France-Presse.
  23. ^ Gaza conflict: Who is a civilian?. By Heather Sharp. January 5 2009. BBC News.
  24. ^ Why Israel went to war in Gaza. Jan. 4, 2009. By Chris McGreal in Jerusalem. The Observer.
  25. ^ "Hamas: 120 police dead, 95% of security buildings demolished and hundreds of civilians slain". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-12-31. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-20. 
  26. ^ a b Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator Diarsipkan 2009-02-04 di Wayback Machine.. January 14, 2009. OCHA oPt (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory).[2]
  27. ^ Israeli Forces Fired on U.N. Aid Convoy 'Truce'[pranala nonaktif permanen]. Jan. 8, 2009. CNN.
  28. ^ Report: 36 new doctors allowed into Gaza Diarsipkan 2009-01-23 di Wayback Machine.. Jan. 11, 2009. Maan News Agency.
  29. ^ IFEX (January 9, 2009). "Two Israeli channels, BBC permitted brief access to Gaza strip; IFJ denounces "cynical attempt to ensure that media tell the story from the Israeli side only"". ReliefWeb. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-09. 
  30. ^ http://en.rian.ru/world/20090114/119490704.html
  31. ^ Gaza Tragedy: 280 Children, 76 Women, 97 Elderly Killed Among 905 Martyrs. Jan. 12, 2009. WAFA. Palestine News Agency.
  32. ^ Half of Gaza dead 'children, women and elderly'.
  33. ^ Amira Hass, "Hamas executes collaborators and restricts Fatah movement", Ha'aretz 10-01-2009
  34. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-20. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-20. 
  35. ^ "TIMELINE - Israeli-Hamas violence since truce ended". Reuters. 1 Januari 2009. Diakses tanggal 2 Januari 2009. 
  36. ^ http://www.pww.org/article/view/14193 Israeli Communists condemn attacks on Gaza, call for ‘another direction’ toward peace
  37. ^ Perang Para Politikus Diarsipkan 2010-06-26 di Wayback Machine., Tempo
  38. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/war_on_gaza/2009/01/200911915455957756.html Palestinian factions united by war
  39. ^ Artikel "Roket dari Lebanon Hantam Israel" di Kompas.com
  40. ^ Artikel "Israel Lancarkan Serangan Balasan ke Lebanon" di Kompas.com
  41. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/200912574445581696.html Hamas to pay victims of Gaza war
  42. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2009/01/2009127174123702455.html Palestinian men bear trauma of war
  43. ^ "Israel Declares Cease Fire; Hamas Says It Will Fight On", The New York Times, 17 Januari 2009
  44. ^ http://www.detiknews.com/read/2009/01/19/045036/1070507/10/israel-tarik-pasukan-hamas-umumkan-gencatan-senjata DetikNews

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