Genotipe

Genotipe adalah istilah yang dipakai untuk menyatakan keadaan genetik dari suatu individu atau sekumpulan individu populasi. Genotipe dapat merujuk pada keadaan genetik suatu lokus maupun keseluruhan bahan genetik yang dibawa oleh kromosom (genom). Genotipe dapat berupa homozigot atau heterozigot. Setelah orang dapat melakukan transfer gen, muncul pula penggunaan istilah hemizigot.

Dalam genetika Mendel (genetika klasik), genotipe sering dilambangkan dengan huruf yang berpasangan; misalnya AA, Aa, atau B1B1. Pasangan huruf yang sama menunjukkan bahwa individu yang dilambangkan adalah homozigot (AA dan B1B1), sedangkan pasangan huruf yang berbeda melambangkan individu heterozigot. Sepasang huruf menunjukkan bahwa individu yang dilambangkan ini adalah diploid (2n). Sebagai konsekuensi, individu tetraploid (4n) homozigot dilambangkan dengan AAAA.

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