Bahasa Arab Masyriq

Bahasa Arab Masyriq
عامية
WilayahArab Masyriq
Penutur
Abjad Arab
Kode bahasa
ISO 639-3–
Glottolognort3191[1]
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Bahasa Arab Masyriq (Bahasa Arab Timur), atau Masyriq ʿAmmiya, meliputi varietas bahasa Arab yang dituturkan di Masyriq, termasuk di negara Mesir, Lebanon, Palestina, Israel, Kuwait, Yordania, Suriah, Siprus, Turki, Irak, Sudan, Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Oman, Bahrain, dan Qatar.[2][3][4][5] Varietas ini adakalanya merujuk kepada Bahasa Arab Timur, sebagai kebalikan dari Bahasa Arab Barat (bahasa Arab Maghrib atau Darija) dan termasuk bahasa Arab Mesopotamia dan bahasa Arab Teluk, bersama dengan bahasa Arab Mesir, bahasa Arab Sudan, dan bahasa Arab Syam. Penutur Masyriq menyebut bahasa mereka sebagai ʿAmmiya, yang berarti "dialek" dalam bahasa Arab Baku Modern.

Bahasa Arab Baku Modern (الفصحى al-fuṣḥá) ialah bahasa utama yang digunakan dalam pemerintahan, perundang-undangan, dan peradilan negara-negara di kawasan Masyriq. Bahasa Arab Masyriq digunakan untuk hampir semua komunikasi lisan, juga di televisi dan pengiklanan di Mesir dan Lebanon, tetapi bahasa Arab Baku Modern digunakan dalam komunikasi tertulis. Di Lebanon, bahasa Arab Masyriq diajarkan sebagai bahasa sehari-hari dan subjek terpisah di bawah penjajahan Prancis dalam beberapa buku teks formal yang ada.

Varietas bahasa Arab Masyriq memiliki tingkat kesalingpahaman yang tinggi, terutama di antara tempat yang secara geografis berdekatan (seperti di Lebanon dan Suriah atau di antara Irak dan Kuwait). Sebaliknya, Darija sangat sulit dipahami oleh penutur bahasa Arab dari Masyriq, karena berasal dari berbagai sublapisan.

Bahasa ini dituturkan secara luas di negara-negara di sebelah barat Iran dan timur Arab Saudi, seperti di Irak dan Kuwait, serta agak berbeda dari bahasa Arab Jazirah dan bahasa Arab Mesir.

Varietas

Gambaran keseluruhan tentang berbagai varietas bahasa Arab.

Rujukan

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "North African Arabic". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  2. ^ "Mashriq". Britannica. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2015. 
  3. ^ "European Neighbourhood Policy in the Mashreq Countries: Enhancing Prospects for Reform". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 February 2014. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2015. 
  4. ^ Introduction to Migration and the Mashreq Diarsipkan 2014-02-03 di Wayback Machine.
  5. ^ "Migrants from the Maghreb and Mashreq Countries" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-12. 

Daftar pustaka

  • Singer, Hans-Rudolf (1980) “Das Westarabische oder Maghribinische” in Wolfdietrich Fischer and Otto Jastrow (eds.) Handbuch der arabischen Dialekte. Otto Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden. 249-76.
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