Iljászidák

Iljászidák
932 – 968

Az Iljászidák, azaz a Banú Iljász (Iljász-törzs) egy rövid életű, szogd eredetű iráni emírdinasztia volt, mely Kermánt uralta 932–968 között. A transzoxániai Számánidáktól függetlenedtek, és a közép-iráni Buvajhidák döntötték meg hatalmukat.

Muhammad ibn Iljász a Számánidák hadseregének egyik tisztje volt. Részt vett a II. Naszr ellen testvérei által kezdett lázadásban, majd annak leverése után délre menekült, végül 932-ben megszerezte Kermán nagy részét. (Központja Kermán, arabul: Bardaszír városa volt.) Bár a hegyvidéki területeket nem hajtotta ellenőrzése alá, uralma során gyakorlatilag megvédte függetlenségét mind a Számánidák, mind a Buvajhidák támadásaitól, ügyesen lavírozva a két hatalom között.

967-ben Muhammad szélütést kapott, és kénytelen volt lemondani fia, Iljásza javára. Iljásza azonnal határvitába keveredett Fársz emírjével, Adud ad-Daulával, aki 968-ban meghódította tartományát, és Saraf ad-Daula nevű fiára bízta Kurkir (Gorgir) nevű parancsnokának felügyelete alatt. Iljásza Buharába, a Számánidákhoz, majd Hvárazmba menekült. Itt sympathiás ophthalmia végzett vele.

Az Iljászidák azonban nem haltak ki Iljászával. Öccse, a korábban Számánidákhoz menekült Szulajmán ibn Muhammad a transzoxániaiak támogatásával a hegyi törzsek lázadásait kihasználva 969/970-ben visszatért, de Bam és Dzsíroft között szétverték horászáni seregét, és maga is elesett Iljásza két fiával, Bakrral és al-Huszajnnal együtt.

Utoljára 975-ben hallunk Iljászidákról. Egy bizonyos al-Huszajn, talán az alapító fia vagy unokaöccse ismét egy helyi lázadás élére állt, de Dzsíroft mellett Adud ad-Davla vezírje, al-Mutahhar ibn Abdalláh legyőzte és fogságba vetette őt. Ezzel a család végleg eltűnt a történelemből.

Források

  • Bosworth, C. E.: The Banu Ilyas of Kirman. In: Iran and Islam. Szerk.: C. E. Bosworth. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1971. ISBN 0-85224-200-X
  • Kabir, Mazifullah: The Buwayhid dynasty of Baghdad, 334/946–447/1055. Calcutta, Iran Society, 1964.

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