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Renga

Renga (jap. 連歌, ) je žanr[1] japanskog kolaborativnog pjesništva. Sastoji se od najmanje dva ku-a (句) odnosno kitica. Otvarajuća kitica renge zvana hokku (発句) postala je osnovom suvremenog haikua.

Dvojica najpoznatijih majstora renge su budistički svećenici Sōgi (1421. – 1502.) i Matsuo Bashō (1644. – 1694.).

Povijest

Renga je jedan od najvažnijih oblika književne umjetnosti u predmodeernom Japanu. Najstariji preživjeli oblik renge je u Man'yōshūu, gdje su Ōtomo no Yakamochi i budistička redovnica (ama, 尼) sastavili i izmijenili poeme uz brojeve zvučnih jedinica ("on") 5-7-5 i 7-7.[2] Ovaj dvostihovni oblik je tan-renga (短連歌, kratki renga). Ostali stilovi su chō-renga (長連歌, dugi renga"). Usporedni ali manje razvijeni oblike tradicije "povezanog stiha" (lián jù 連句 - isti znakovi kao i za 'renku') - razvio se u Kini u doba dinastije Qin,[3] i vjerojatno je ovaj kineski oblik utjecao na japanski oblik rengu u njegovom formativnom razdoblju.[4] No, između ova dva stila mnoge su velike razlike, kineski ima jedinstvo subjekta i opću lakost srca u zvuku, čega nema u japanskoj rengi; nadalje, povijest japanskog pjesništva pokazuje rengu kao naoko prirodnu evoluciju.[5]

Oblici

Oblici u kojima renga se javlja su, pri čemu su uračuntati i ushin (ortodoksna) renga, i mushin (renku)[6]: hyakuin, senku, gojūin, yoyoshi, kasen, han-kasen, shisan, jūnichō, nijūin, triparshva i rokku.

Izvori

  1. ↑ Carter, Steven D. Three Poets at Yuyama, University of California, 1983, ISBN 0-912966-61-0 p.3
  2. ↑ Keene, Donald, The Comic Tradition in Renga, in Japan in the Muromachi Age, edited by John Hall and Takeshi Toyoda. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977. str. 244.
  3. ↑ Reckert, Stephen, Beyond Chrysanthemums: Perspectives on Poetry East and West, Oxford University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-19-815165-9, str.43
  4. ↑ Sato, Hiroaki. One Hundred Frogs, from renga to haiku to English, Weatherhill 1983, ISBN 0-8348-0176-0 str.11
  5. ↑ Keene, Donald, Japanese Literature: an Introduction for Western Readers, (New York: Grove Press, 1955) str. 33-34.
  6. ↑ Miner, Earl. Japanese Linked Poetry, Princeton University Press, 1979, ISBN 0-691-06372-9.

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