סולמות קרובים

במוזיקה, סולמות קרובים הם סולמות, אשר להם תווים משותפים.

בהרמוניה בסיסית, אלה הם הסולמות אשר חולקים את כל הצלילים, או את כולם למעט צליל אחד שאינו משותף, עם סולם מסוים: שני הסולמות הסמוכים לסולם הנתון במעגל הקווינטות, והמז'ור והמינור היחסיים.

סולמות אלה, בעלי 6 או 7 צלילים משותפים עם הסולם המקורי, הם היעדים המקובלים ביותר של מודולציות, מאחר שהם מבוססים על הסובדומיננטה או הדומיננטה של הסולם המקורי, ולכן הם בעלי חשיבות מבנית בטונליות המערבית.

מז'ור מינור יחסי דומיננטה וסובדומיננטה
C Am F, G, Dm, Em
G Em C, D, Am, Bm
D Bm G, A, Em, F#m
A F#m D, E, Bm, C#m
E C#m A, B, F#m, G#m
B G#m E, F#, C#m, D#m
F# D#m B, C#, G#m, A#m
Gb Ebm Cb, Db, Ab, Bb
Db Bbm Gb, Ab, Ebm, Fm
Ab Fm Db, Eb, Bbm, Cm
Eb Cm Ab, Bb, Fm, Gm
Bb Gm Eb, F, Cm, Dm
F Dm Bb, C, Gm, Am
טבלה לאיתור סולמות קרובים (m קטנה מציינת סולם מינור):

במוזיקה מודרנית, הקרבה בין כל שני סולמות או סטים של צלילים נקבעת על ידי מספר הצלילים המשותפים שלהם, וכך ניתן לבצע מודולציות שאינן מקובלות בטונליות מז'ור-מינור רגילה. לדוגמה, במוזיקה המבוססת על הסולם הפנטטוני המכיל את התווים דו, רה, מי, סול ולה, מודולציה בקווינטה למעלה תשנה את הסולם לסול, לה, סי, רה ומי, כאשר ארבעה מתוך חמשת הצלילים הם משותפים לסולם המקורי. מנגד, מודולציה של טריטון למעלה תשנה את הסולם לפה#, סול#, לה#, דו# ורה#, והפעם אין אפילו תו אחד משותף. לכן נגדיר את הסולם הראשון כקרוב מאוד לסולם המקורי, ואילו את האחרון כ"רחוק". בצורה זו ניתן לסווג את המודולציות מדרגת הקרבה הגבוהה ביותר לדרגת הקרבה הנמוכה ביותר לפי מספר הצלילים המשותפים.

קישורים חיצוניים

ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא סולמות קרובים בוויקישיתוף

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