מפת וינלנד

מפת וינלנד. בחלקה העליון ניתן לראות קו מקומר, המהווה הוכחה (אם המפה אותנטית), כי גם הוויקינגים ידעו כי כדור הארץ עגול.

מפת וינלנד היא מפת עולם (mappa mundi) מהמאה ה-15 המתארת את הארצות שגילו הוויקינגים במסעם מערבה, בערך בסוף המאה ה-10. מאז שנות ה-60 של המאה ה-20, התקיים ויכוח ער בין הטוענים כי המפה היא אותנטית, לבין המעלים חשדות לזיוף מודרני. הוא הוכרע בקביעה שהמפה היא זיוף.

בצד השמאלי ביותר של המפה ניתן לראות את ניופאונדלנד שבקנדה, בה הקימו הוויקינגים מושבה בל'אנס או מדוז (מצרפתית: מפרץ המדוזות). באזור זה נתגלו שרידים ארכאולוגיים המוכיחים כי אכן התיישבו שם ויקינגים.

מקור המחלוקת

המפה נתגלתה בשנת 1957, והובאה לאוניברסיטת ייל בשנת 1965. ביום קולומבוס של אותה שנה הוכרז כי המפה אותנטית, ודבר זה הביא למחאות מצד סטודנטים היספנים בסמוך לקמפוס האוניברסיטה בניו הייבן שבקונטיקט.[1] מאז שנת 1965, עיקר המחלוקת היא בין הומאניסטים, המאמינים כי המפה אותנטית, לבין מדענים, הטוענים כי היא זיוף.[1]

בשנת 2018, מומחים מאוניברסיטת ייל, שבה נמצאת המפה, הכריזו כי המחקר המדעי וההיסטורי האחרון קבע שמדובר בזיוף מודרני, כפי שהוכח מהשימוש שלו בפיגמנטים טיטניום מהמאה ה-20.

בשנת 2021, פרויקט מחקר בין-תחומי שנערך על ידי ארכיונאים, משמרים ומדעני שימור הוכיח שהמפה מזויפת. ניתוח המתכות בדיו של המפה גילה כי המסמך זויף למעשה כבר בשנות ה-20, ולא שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-20, כמו שחשבו תחילה.[2][3]

ביבליוגרפיה

  • Graeme Davis, Vikings in America, Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2009.
  • Robert Ferguson, The Vikings: A History, London: Penguin Books, 2010.

ראו גם

קישורים חיצוניים

ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא מפת וינלנד בוויקישיתוף

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ 1 2 Graeme Davis, Vikings in America, pp. 120 - 121.
  2. ^ Mike Cummings, Analysis unlocks secret of the Vinland Map — it’s a fake, YaleNews, ‏2021-09-01 (באנגלית)
  3. ^ Smithsonian Magazine, David M. Perry,Matthew Gabriele, Viking Map of North America Identified as 20th-Century Forgery, Smithsonian Magazine (באנגלית)
ערך זה הוא קצרמר בנושא היסטוריה. אתם מוזמנים לתרום לוויקיפדיה ולהרחיב אותו.

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