גלוקנשפיל

גלוקנשפיל
מוזיקאים בתלבושות במרדי גרא בניו אורלינס 2003. גלוקנשפיל נראה משמאל וסוזאפון ברקע מימין

גלוקנשפילעברית: פַּעֲמוֹנָה[1], בגרמנית: Glockenspiel, ובתרגום חופשי: מערכת פעמונים) הוא כלי נגינה ממשפחת כלי ההקשה בעל צליל נקי דמוי צלצול פעמון. הגלוקנשפיל הוא סוג של מטאלופון.

בתזמורת מוכרים שני סוגי גלוקנשפיל: סוג אחד שמנגנים בו בשני פטישוני עץ (בעלי ראש עור או לבד) וסוג אחר שמחובר למקלדת הדומה למקלדת פסנתר.

הסוג הראשון דומה לקסילופון בכך שגם הוא מורכב ממוטות באורך מסוים (המכוונים להשמיע צליל כשמקישים עליהם) בסידור דומה לזה של פסנתר. בקסילופון המוטות עשויים עץ, בעוד שבגלוקנשפיל המוטות עשויים ממתכת. הגלוקנשפיל קטן יותר ומשמיע צליל גבוה יותר. כאשר הוא מנוגן בתזמורת צועדת משתמשים לעיתים במנשא נייד שבו המוטות מסודרים בצורה אנכית. כאשר משתמשים בכלי בתזמורת בדרך כלל מונחים המוטות בצורה אופקית.

מנעד הגלוקנשפיל מוגבל, והוא מנגן רק צלילים גבוהים, ובדרך כלל מכיל שתיים וחצי אוקטבות עד שלוש. בפרטיטורה מופיעים התווים לגלוקנשפיל בשתי אוקטבות נמוך יותר מאשר בפועל.

גאורג פרידריך הנדל כתב לגלוקנשפיל בכמה מן האורטוריות שלו (בין השאר בשאול וב-L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato). מוצרט השתמש בגלוקנשפיל באופרה "חליל הקסם". בשני המקרים מדובר בכלי המקלדת. בביצועים שאינם בכלי התקופה מחליפים לרוב את הגלוקנשפיל בצ'לסטה. במוזיקה מודרנית יותר הגלוקנשפיל מנגן בשיר "No Surprises" באלבום "OK Computer" של להקת "רדיוהד" ובשיר "Redbone" באלבום "Awaken, My Love!" של הראפר צ'ילדיש גמבינו. כמו כן בשנת 1975 זכה השיר Ding a Dong בייצוג הולנד בתחרות האירוויזיון, בשיר זה קטע המעבר המוביל מנוגן בגלוקנשפיל.

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