שושן (סוג)

קריאת טבלת מיוןשושן
מיון מדעי
ממלכה: צומח
מערכה: בעלי פרחים
מחלקה: חד פסיגיים
סדרה: שושנאים
משפחה: שושניים
סוג: שושן
שם מדעי
Lilium
‏ליניאוס, 1753

שׁוֹשׁן (שם מדעי: Lilium) הוא סוג של צמח בעל פרחים, המונה 110 מינים.

מאפיינים

מיני השושן הם גאופיטים בעלי בצל, מרביתם מפתחים את הבצלים עמוק בקרקע. יש מינים בהם הפריחה היא גדולה. לפרח תמיד יש שישה עלי כותרת, שישה אבקנים, וצלקת אחת. צבעי המינים מגוונים ויש בהם לבנים, צהובים, כתומים, אדומים, סגולים וורודים. על גבי עלי הכותרת לעיתים תיראה דוגמה, כגון נקודות או כתמים. מרביתם המוחלטת של מיני השושן מאבדים את כל איבריהם שמעל הקרקע לאחר הפריחה ובמהלך עונת הקיץ ותחילת החורף הם נמצאים בתרדמה.

מינים רבים בסוג זה רעילים לחתולים.[1]

תפוצה

השושן צומח ברחבי אירופה, המזרח התיכון, אסיה ואף צפון אמריקה. הבצלים נובטים לרוב באזורים מיוערים והרריים.

מינים בולטים

נהוג למיין את מיני השושן בחלוקה הבאה:

  • Martagon
    • Lilium distichum
    • Lilium hansonii
    • Lilium martagon
    • Lilium medeoloides
    • Lilium tsingtauense
    • Lilium debile
  • Pseudolirium
    • Lilium bolanderi
    • Lilium columbianum
    • Lilium humboldtii
    • Lilium kelloggii
    • Lilium rubescens
    • Lilium washingtonianum
    • Lilium kelleyanum
    • Lilium maritimum
    • Lilium occidentale
    • Lilium pardalinum
    • Lilium parryi
    • Lilium parvum
    • Lilium canadense
    • Lilium puberulum
    • Lilium grayi
    • Lilium iridollae
    • Lilium michiganense
    • Lilium michauxii
    • Lilium pyrophilum
    • Lilium superbum
    • Lilium catesbaei
    • Lilium philadelphicum
  • Liriotypus
    • Lilium bulbiferum
    • שושן צחור (Lilium candidum)
    • Lilium chalcedonicum
    • Lilium kesselringianum
    • Lilium ledebourii
    • Lilium szovitsianum
    • Lilium monadelphum
    • Lilium pyrenaicum
    • Lilium rhodopeum
    • Lilium akkusianum
    • Lilium carniolicum
    • Lilium ciliatum
    • Lilium pomponium
    • Lilium ponticum
    • Lilium jankae
    • Lilium albanicum
    • Lilium polyphyllum
  • Archelirion
    • Lilium auratum
    • Lilium platyphyllum
    • Lilium brownii
    • Lilium japonicum
    • Lilium nobilissimum
    • Lilium rubellum
    • Lilium speciosum
  • Sinomartagon
    • Lilium davidii
    • Lilium duchartrei
    • Lilium henryi
    • Lilium lancifolium
    • Lilium lankongense
    • Lilium leichtlinii
    • Lilium papilliferum
    • Lilium rosthornii
    • Lilium amabile
    • Lilium callosum
    • Lilium cernuum
    • Lilium concolor
    • Lilium fargesii
    • Lilium pumilum
    • Lilium xanthellum
    • Lilium amoenum
    • Lilium bakerianum
    • Lilium henrici
    • Lilium lijiangense
    • Lilium lophophorum
    • Lilium mackliniae
    • Lilium nanum
    • Lilium nepalense
    • Lilium oxypetalum
    • Lilium paradoxum
    • Lilium primulinum
    • Lilium sempervivoideum
    • Lilium sherriffiae
    • Lilium souliei
    • Lilium stewartianum
    • Lilium taliense
    • Lilium wardii
    • Lilium arboricola
    • Lilium anhuiense
    • Lilium brevistylum
    • Lilium habaense
    • Lilium huidongense
    • Lilium jinfushanense
    • Lilium matangense
    • Lilium pinifolium
    • Lilium pyi
    • Lilium saccatum
    • Lilium tianschanicum
    • Lilium poilanei
    • Lilium floridum
    • Lilium medogense
  • Leucolirion
    • Lilium leucanthum
    • Lilium puerense
    • Lilium regale
    • Lilium sargentiae
    • Lilium sulphureum
    • Lilium formosanum
    • שושן פסחא (Lilium longiflorum)
    • Lilium philippinense
    • Lilium wallichianum
    • Lilium wenshanense
  • Daurolirion
    • Lilium pensylvanicum
    • Lilium maculatum
  • לא-מסווגים
    • Lilium eupetes

בישראל

בישראל צומח בר מין אחד של שושן: השושן הצחור.

קישורים חיצוניים

מיזמי קרן ויקימדיה
ויקימילון ערך מילוני בוויקימילון: שושנה
ויקישיתוף תמונות ומדיה בוויקישיתוף: שושן (סוג)
ויקימינים טקסונומיה בוויקימינים: Lilium

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ Lovely Lilies and Curious Cats: A Dangerous Combination, באתר מנהל המזון והתרופות האמריקאי.

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