חוזתנות

חוזתנות הוא מונח בפילוסופיה אשר מתייחס הן למשפחה של תיאוריות פוליטיות ממסורת האמנה החברתית (כאשר נעשה שימוש במובן זה, המונח הוא מונח כללי עבור כלל התיאוריות של אמנות חברתיות הכוללות חוזתנות),^[1] או לפילוסופיה המוסרית שפותחה בשנים האחרונות על ידי TM Scanlon, עבור ספרו What We Owe to Each Other (שפורסם ב-1998). ^[2] הפילוסופיה מתמקדת באתיקה של "יצירת חוקים" . בחוזתנות נותנים לכולם להציע חוקים, כל צד יכול להטיל ווטו על החוקים שהצדדים האחרים מציעים והחוקים שעוברים הם החוקים שאף צד לא מתנגד אליהם. החוקים יכולים להיות מוצעים רק אם הם סבירים ובהנחה שכל הצדדים מוכנים להתפשר. בפילוסופיה הזו TM Scanlon רוצה שנעבוד יחד ונכיר בבעיות אחד של השנייה.

הוגים של האמנה החברתית מתולדות המחשבה המדינית כוללים את הוגו גרוטיוס (1625), תומאס הובס (1651), סמואל פופנדורף (1673), ג'ון לוק (1689), ז'אן-ז'אק רוסו (1762) ועמנואל קאנט (1797); ולאחרונה, ג'ון רולס (1971), דייוויד גוטייה (1986) ופיליפ פטיט (1997).

לקריאה נוספת

Ashford, Elizabeth and Mulgan, Tim. 2007. 'Contractualism'. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (accessed October 2007).
Cudd, Ann. 2007. 'Contractarianism'. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (Summer 2007 Edition).
Scanlon, T. M. 1998. What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Scanlon, T. M. 2003. The Difficulty of Tolerance: Essays in Political Philosophy. Cambridge University Press
"How to Be Perfect" by Michael Schur

הערות שוליים

^ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Contractarianism
^ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Contractualism

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