Yankin Kudancin Najeriya

Kudancin Najeriya ya kasance wata mamaya da Birtaniyya a yankunan gabar tekun Najeriyar a wannan zamani da aka kafa a shekara ta 1900 daga tarayyar Niger Coast Protectorate tare da wasu yankuna da Kamfanin Royal Niger Company ya yi hayar a karkashin Lokoja a kan kogin Niger.

Daga baya aka kara yankin Legas a shekarar 1906,kuma a hukumance an sake masa suna da Mallaka da Kare Kudancin Najeriya .A cikin 1914,Kudancin Najeriya ya hade da Arewacin Najeriya Protectorate don samar da mulkin mallaka guda daya na Najeriya.An yi hadakar ne saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki kuma gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta nemi yin amfani da rarar rarar kasafin kudin da aka samu a Kudancin Najeriya wajen magance wannan gibin.

Sir Frederick Lugard,wanda ya karbi mukamin gwamna na hukumomin tsaro biyu a 1912,shi ne ke da alhakin kula da hadewar,kuma ya zama gwamna na farko na sabuwar yankin da aka hade.Lugard ya kafa cibiyoyi na tsakiya da yawa don daidaita tsarin haɗin kai.An kafa Sakatariya ta Tsakiya a Legas,wacce ita ce wurin gwamnati,kuma an kafa Majalisar Najeriya (daga baya Majalisar Dokoki),don samar da taron wakilan da aka zabo daga larduna.An hade wasu ayyuka a fadin jihohin Arewa da Kudancin kasar saboda muhimmancinsu na kasa-soja,baitul-mali,bincike,mukamai da telegraph,layin dogo,bincike,ayyukan kiwon lafiya,sassan shari’a da shari’a- kuma an sanya su karkashin kulawar Sakatariyar Tsakiya ta Legas.

Tsarin hadewar ya samu rauni ne sakamakon dagewar ra’ayoyin yankuna daban-daban kan gudanar da mulki tsakanin Lardunan Arewa da na Kudu,da masu kishin Najeriya a Legas.Yayin da masu mulkin mallaka na kudancin kasar suka yi maraba da hadewar a matsayin wata dama ta fadada masarautu,takwarorinsu na lardin Arewa sun yi imanin cewa yana da illa ga muradun yankunan da suke gudanarwa saboda koma bayan da suke da shi,kuma aikinsu ne su bijirewa ci gaban tasirin kudu.da al'adu zuwa arewa.Su kuma ‘yan kudu,ba su yi sha’awar rungumar tsawaita dokar da tun farko aka yi wa arewa zuwa kudu ba.

Gudanarwa

Gwamnoni

Tun daga kafuwarta,wani babban kwamishina ne ke gudanar da kudancin Najeriya.Babban kwamishinan farko shine Ralph Moor.Lokacin da aka hade Legas da sauran Kudancin Najeriya a 1906,aka nada Babban Kwamishina na lokacin Walter Egerton ya zama Gwamnan yankin.

Lokacin da a cikin 1900 ma'aikatar tsaro ta wuce daga Ofishin Harkokin Waje zuwa Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka,Ralph Moor ya zama Babban Kwamishinan Kudancin Najeriya kuma ya kafa harsashin ginin sabuwar gwamnati,lafiyarsa ta gaza, ya yi ritaya a kan fansho a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1903.

Egerton ya zama gwamnan Legas Colony,wanda ya mamaye mafi yawan kasashen Yarabawa a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya a yanzu,a cikin 1903.Ofishin mulkin mallaka ya so ya hade yankin Legas Colony da yankin Kudancin Najeriya,kuma a watan Agustan 1904 ya kuma nada Egerton a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Kare Kudancin Najeriya.Ya rike ofisoshi biyu har zuwa 28 ga Fabrairu 1906.[1]A wannan ranar,an hade yankuna biyu a hukumance kuma aka nada Egerton Gwamnan Sabon Mallaka da Kare Kudancin Najeriya,yana rike da mukamin har zuwa 1912.[2]A sabuwar Kudancin Najeriya,Tsohon Mulkin Lagos ya zama Lardin Yamma,kuma an raba tsohuwar Mallakar Kudancin Najeriya zuwa Lardi ta Tsakiya mai babban birni a Warri da Lardin Gabas mai babban birni a Calabar.[3]

Lokacin da magabacinsa a Kudancin Najeriya,Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor,ya yi murabus,har yanzu wani yanki na kudu maso gabashin Najeriya ba shi da ikon mallakar Birtaniya.Lokacin da ya hau kan karagar mulki,Egerton ya fara manufar aikewa da ’yan sintiri na sulhu na shekara-shekara,wadanda gaba daya ke samun mika wuya ta hanyar barazanar karfi ba tare da an bukaci a yi amfani da karfi ba.[1]

Lokacin da Egerton ya zama Gwamnan Legas ya amince da tsawaita hanyar jirgin kasa daga Legas zuwa Ibadan zuwa Oshogbo,kuma an amince da aikin a watan Nuwamba 1904.An fara ginin ne a watan Janairu 1905 kuma layin ya isa Oshogbo a cikin Afrilu 1907.[1]

Ya fifita layin dogo fiye da safarar kogi, kuma ya yunƙura don a ƙara fadada titin jirgin zuwa Kano ta hanyar Zariya.[1]

Ya kuma dauki nauyin gina tituna mai yawa,inda ya gina kan harsashin majalisar da magabacinsa Moor ya kafa wanda ya ba da damar yin amfani da guraben aikin da ba a biya ba.[3]

Egerton ya bayyana ra'ayin Moor game da barnar da aka yi wa kasuwancin Cross River ta hanyar hada hadar 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa mazauna Calabar .’Yan kasuwar da aka kafa da farko sun samu Ofishin Mulkin Mallaka ya zartar da dokokin da za su hana gasa daga ’yan kasuwa da ke son kafa sansanonin ci gaba a cikin kasa,amma da wahala,Egerton ya shawo kan jami’an da su sauya hukuncinsu.[3]

Egerton ya kasance mai ba da shawara mai karfi na ci gaban mulkin mallaka.Ya yi imani da karancin kudade a wasu lokuta na ci gaban mulkin mallaka,wanda aka nuna a cikin kasafin kudinsa daga 1906 zuwa 1912.Ya sha gwagwarmaya akai-akai don samun amincewar wadannan kasafin kudi daga ofishin mulkin mallaka.[1]

A farkon 1908,Egerton ya goyi bayan ra'ayin "Sashen Aikin Noma da aka tsara yadda ya kamata tare da shugaba mai kuzari da gogaggen",kuma Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta kasance a cikin 1910[4]

Egerton ya amince da ci gaban noman roba,ra'ayin da ya saba masa tun zamaninsa a Malaya,kuma ya shirya bayar da hayar fili don wannan dalili. Wannan shi ne ginshiƙin masana'antu mai nasara sosai.[5]Ya kuma yi tunanin za a iya samun gagarumar nasara a gonakin tin da ke kusa da Bauchi,kuma ya yi tunanin cewa idan aka tabbatar da layin reshe zuwa gonar gwangwani zai tabbata.[6]

Egerton ya shiga rikici da gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya kan batutuwa da dama.An yi ta muhawara a kan ko za a shigar da Ilorin cikin Kudancin Najeriya tunda mutanen Yarabawa ne,ko kuma a ci gaba da zama a Arewacin Najeriya tunda mai mulki Musulmi ne,kuma Ilorin ya dade yana karkashin Khalifancin Uthmaniyya.An samu cece-kuce game da yadda ake gudanar da ayyuka a kan kayayyakin da suka sauka a gabar teku aka kai su Arewacin Najeriya.Kuma an yi ta cece-kuce a kan ko layin dogo daga arewa zai kare a Legas ko kuma ya bi wasu hanyoyin da za su bi zuwa kogin Neja da gabar teku.[3]

Egerton yana da dalili a gefensa na kin amincewa da shirin dakatar da layin da aka yi a Baro da ke Nijar,tun lokacin da aka takaita zirga-zirga zuwa kudu zuwa gabar teku ga lokacin ruwan sama,kuma ko a lokacin babu tabbas.[7]

Gwamnatin Egerton ta sanya manufofin da ke karkata ga Turawa da Afirka.[8]

Wadannan sun hada da cire 'yan Afirka daga Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Yammacin Afirka da kuma cewa babu wani Bature da ya isa ya karbi umarni daga wani dan Afirka, wanda ke da tasirin hana likitocin Afirka shiga aikin soja.Egerton da kansa ba koyaushe ya yarda da waɗannan manufofin ba, kuma ba a kiyaye su sosai ba.[9]

Dangantakar da ke tsakanin gwamnatin Legas da jihohin Yarbawa na yankin Legas ba ta bayyana ba,kuma sai a shekarar 1908 ne Egerton ya sa Obas ya amince da kafa kotun koli a manyan garuruwa.[3]A cikin 1912,Frederick Lugard ya maye gurbin Egerton,wanda aka nada shi Gwamna-Janar na kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya tare da ikon hada kan biyun.An nada Egerton Gwamnan Guiana na Biritaniya a matsayin aika aika sa na gaba,a fili karara,wanda kila yana da alaka da fadan sa da jami'an ofishin mulkin mallaka.[1]

Lugard ya dawo Najeriya a matsayin gwamnan yankin biyu.Babban aikinsa shi ne ya kammala hadewa zuwa wani yanki guda.Ko da yake an yi ta cece-kuce a Legas,inda da yawa daga cikin ‘yan siyasa da kafafen yada labarai ke adawa da shi, haduwar bai tada hankulan sauran sassan kasar ba. Daga 1914 zuwa 1919,Lugard ya zama Gwamna Janar na Turawan mulkin mallaka na Najeriya.A tsawon wa'adinsa,Lugard ya yi matukar kokari wajen tabbatar da kyautata yanayin al'ummar kasar,da dai sauran hanyoyin kebe barasa,a duk inda zai yiwu,da kuma dakile hare-haren bayi da bauta.Lugard ya gudanar da mulkin kasar ne da rabin kowace shekara yana tafiya a Ingila, nesa ba kusa ba a Afirka inda masu mulki suka jinkirta yanke shawara kan al'amura da yawa har sai ya dawo,kuma ya kafa mulkinsa a kan tsarin soja.[10]</br>

Manufar tattalin arzikin mulkin mallaka

Manufar tattalin arzikin Birtaniyya ga Afirka a lokacin an kafa shi ne bisa imanin cewa idan aka kawo mutanen Afirka su rungumi wayewar Turai tare da mai da hankali kan doka da oda da albarkatun tattalin arzikinsu da za a yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata da kuma amfani da su yadda ya kamata.An yi imani da kyakkyawan fata da sauƙaƙan cewa matsalar ci gaban tattalin arzikin Afirka ita ce matsalar doka da oda; cewa da zarar an murkushe cinikin bayi, hargitsi da rudani da aka yi imanin cewa su ne ke kawo cikas ga rayuwa a Afirka za su bace,kuma kokarin Afirka za a kai ga tattara amfanin gonakin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan kasar domin biyan bukatun Turawa. An yi ra'ayin cewa 'yan Afirka su kadai ba za su iya kiyaye doka da oda ba kamar yadda ake bukata don samar da juyin juya halin tattalin arziki da ake fata,kuma mulkin Turawa ne kawai zai iya yin hakan.

Bai isa ba ga ikon mulkin mallaka don aiwatarwa da kiyaye doka da oda ko da yake.Har ila yau,ya zama dole don ingantawa da haɓaka zirga-zirgar 'yanci da ci gaban yanayi da kasuwanci.Har ila yau,shi ne tunanin da aka yarda da shi cewa yunƙurin tattalin arziki da kayayyakin mulkin mallaka ya kamata su kara,maimakon yin gasa da ko lalata yunƙurin tattalin arziki da kayayyakin babban birnin. Wannan shi ne tsira na tsarin 'yan kasuwa wanda ya zo cikin baƙin ciki a cikin kwata na ƙarshe na karni na goma sha takwas.

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Carland 1985.
  2. Worldstatesmen.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Afigbo & Falola 2005.
  4. Falola 2003.
  5. Duignan & Gann 1975.
  6. Calvert 1910.
  7. Geary 1965.
  8. Okpewho & Davies 1999.
  9. Gann & Duignan 1978.
  10. The Administration of Nigeria 1900 to 1960, by I. F. Nicholson, Oxford University Press, 1969

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