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Handoa (ko Handowa ) sunan wani yanki ne na makiyaya na mutanen Beja, wanda aka sani da goyon bayan tawayen Mahdiyyah a shekarun 1880 zuwa 1890.^[1] Yankin da Haendoa ke zama a tarihi yana nan a wasu sassan Sudan, Masar da Eritriya.

Asalin kalmar

In ji Roper (1930), sunan Haɖanɖiwa ya ƙunshi haɖa ‘lion’ da (n) ɖiwa ‘clan’. Wasu bambance-bambancen su ne Haɖai ɖiwa, Hanɖiwa da Haɖaatʼar (’ya’yan zaki). ^[2]

Harshe

Harshen Handowa yare ne na Bedawi.^[3]

Tarihi

Kudancin Beja wani yanki ne na masarautar Kirista ta Axum a cikin ƙarni na shida zuwa goma sha huɗu. A cikin karni na goma sha biyar, Axum ta faɗa cikin musuluntar yankin Sudan, kuma ko da yake Beja ba a taba yin kasa a gwiwa ba, amma sun shiga Musulunci ta hanyar aure da kwangilar kasuwanci. A cikin ƙarni na sha bakwai, wasu daga cikin Beja sun faɗaɗa kudu, suna cin abinci mafi kyau. Waɗannan sun zama Handoa, waɗanda a ƙarni na goma sha takwas su ne manyan mutanen gabashin Sudan, kuma koyaushe suna yaƙi da kabilar Bisharin.^[4]

An gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a kan kabilun Masar a karshen shekarun 1800 kuma an kai wasu kwarangwal na mutanen kabilar Handoa zuwa Kwalejin Likitoci ta Sarauta don auna su da nazari. ^[5] ^[6]

A al'adance Handowa mutane ne makiyaya, wanda wani sarki na gado ne ke mulki,^[7] da ake kira Ma'ahes. Daya daga cikin mashahuran sarakuna shi ne Janar Mahdist mai suna Osman Digna. Ya jagorance su a yakin, daga 1883 zuwa 1898, da Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ( United Kingdom and Egypt suna gudanar da mulkin hadin gwiwa a Sudan. ^[8] Sun gwabza filin infantry square na Biritaniya a yaƙe-yaƙe da dama, kamar Yaƙin Tamai a 1884 da kuma Yaƙin Tofrek a 1885^[9] kuma sun sami kishin kishi saboda jarumtakarsu.^[10] Bayan sake mamaye Sudan ta Masar (1896-98), Handoa ta karɓi sabon tsari ba tare da demur ba. ^[11] ^[12]

A yakin duniya na biyu, Handoa sun hada kai da turawan ingila don yakar Italiya.

A cikin shahararrun al'adu

Gashin da aka yi musu dalla-dalla ya sa aka ba su suna Fuzzy-Wuzzy a cikin sojojin Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Mahdist, bayan haka Rudyard Kipling ya rubuta waƙar da suna iri ɗaya. ^[13]

Manazarta

↑ Martin, Hugh (1899) Kassala: An Historical Sketch in The United Service Magazine . London: William Clowes & Son. 1899. pp. 58–.
↑ Roper, E. M. (1928). Tu Bedawie: an elementary handbook for the use of Sudan government officials . Hertford: Stephen Austin and Sons, Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2016.Empty citation (help)
↑ Burckhardt, John Lewis (1819). Travels in Nubia: by the late John Lewis Burckhardt . Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
↑ The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland . Royal Anthropological Institute. 1877. p. 607.
↑ Foole, Reginald Stuart (1887). "The Egyptian Classification" . The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland . 16 : 370–379. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
↑ Empty citation (help)
↑ "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan" . World Digital Library - Library of Congress . Retrieved 25 November 2016.
↑ Monick, S. (1985). "The Political Martyr: General Gordon and the Fall of Kartum". Military History Journal. 6 (6).
↑ Allen, W.H. (1887). The Battle of Tofrek (4th ed.). Galloway. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
↑ F.R. Wingate, "The True Story of Osman Dinga", The Graphic , June 16, 1923.
↑ F.R. Wingate, "The True Story of Osman Dinga", The Graphic, June 16, 1923.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EB Public Domain
↑ Empty citation (help)

[1] Martin, Hugh (1899) Kassala: An Historical Sketch in The United Service Magazine . London: William Clowes & Son. 1899. pp. 58–.

[2] Roper, E. M. (1928). Tu Bedawie: an elementary handbook for the use of Sudan government officials . Hertford: Stephen Austin and Sons, Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2016.Empty citation (help)

[3] Burckhardt, John Lewis (1819). Travels in Nubia: by the late John Lewis Burckhardt . Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

[4] The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland . Royal Anthropological Institute. 1877. p. 607.

[5] Foole, Reginald Stuart (1887). "The Egyptian Classification" . The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland . 16 : 370–379. Retrieved 10 December 2016.

[anthropological_studies-6] Empty citation (help)

[7] "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan" . World Digital Library - Library of Congress . Retrieved 25 November 2016.

[8] Monick, S. (1985). "The Political Martyr: General Gordon and the Fall of Kartum". Military History Journal. 6 (6).

[9] Allen, W.H. (1887). The Battle of Tofrek (4th ed.). Galloway. Retrieved 25 November 2016.

[10] F.R. Wingate, "The True Story of Osman Dinga", The Graphic , June 16, 1923.

[true-11] F.R. Wingate, "The True Story of Osman Dinga", The Graphic, June 16, 1923.

[EB_Public_Domain-12] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EB Public Domain

[Atlantic_June_2002-13] Empty citation (help)

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Hadendoa

Asalin kalmar

Harshe

Tarihi

A cikin shahararrun al'adu

Manazarta

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