Sépalo

Exemplo de extremo desenvolvemento dos sépalos, a flor de Aristolochia gigantea, ou papo-de-peru, está formada basicamente por un cáliz moi desenvolvido. Os pétalos son minúsculos.

Os sépalos son unha das pezas constituintes da flor, que se sitúan no verticilo máis externo desta. Son estruturas foliáceas, normalmente menores e máis consistentes que os pétalos, e na maior parte dos casos teñen a función primordial de protexer o gomo florar, pechándose sobre este. O conxunto de sépalos dunha flor é coñecido como cáliz.

Os sépalos son xeralmente esverdeados, mais, como case todas as partes dunha planta, asumen unha incrible variedade de formas e funcións, de acordo con cada especie.

Detalle dunha flor.

Na familia Malpighiaceae, por exemplo, a face dorsal dos sépalos presentan glándulas de óleo, que é recollido por abellas cando estas acidentalmente, polinizan a flor. Nalgunhas Euphorbiaceae, as flores non teñen pétalos, e os sépalos asumen a función de atraer polinizadores. Adaptacións extremas con ese fin tamén poden ser observados na familia Aristolochiaceae. En Theaceae, algunhas especies conservan os sépalos mesmo durante o desenvolvemento do froito, talvez como unha protección adicional contra predadores. En Lecythidaceae os sépalos non pasan de estruturas reducidas e con aspecto semellante ao restante do cáliz, ofuscado pola exuberancia dos pétalos e estames, e aparentemente sen función.

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