Patrimonio do mercurio. Almadén e Idrija

Modelo:Xeografía físicaPatrimonio do mercurio. Almadén e Idrija
Imaxe
Tipoconxunto de estruturas ou edificios Editar o valor en Wikidata
Localización
División administrativaAlmadén, España e Idrija, Eslovenia Editar o valor en Wikidata
Mapa
 38°46′31″N 4°50′37″O / 38.7753, -4.8436
Composto por
Almadén Old Town (en) Traducir
Kamšt water pump with the Rake water channel and Kobila dam (en) Traducir
Idrija Smelting Plant (en) Traducir
Idrija water tank (en) Traducir
Idrija Lagoon (en) Traducir
Putrih Reservoir on the Belca River (en) Traducir
Idrija Old Town (en) Traducir
Real Hospital de Mineros de San Rafael (pt) Traducir
Bullring of Almadén (en) Traducir
Mina del Castillo Buildings (en) Traducir
Royal Forced Labour Gaol (en) Traducir
Brus Reservoir on the Belca River (en) Traducir Editar o valor en Wikidata
Características
Superficie104 ha Editar o valor en Wikidata
Patrimonio da Humanidade  
TipoPatrimonio cultural  → Europa-América do Norte
Data2012 (36ª Sesión), Criterios de Patrimonio da Humanidade: (ii) e (iv) Editar o valor en Wikidata
Identificador1313

Patrimonio do Mercurio. Almadén e Idrija é un conxunto Patrimonio da Humanidade da UNESCO en Almadén, Castela-A Mancha, España e Idrija, Eslovenia. Os bens comprenden dous sitios mineiros de mercurio. En Almadén extraeuse mercurio desde a antigüidade, mentres que en Idrija atopouse por primeira vez en 1490.[1]

Os sitios testemuñan o comercio intercontinental de mercurio que xerou importantes intercambios entre Europa e América ao longo dos séculos. Os dous sitios representan as dúas maiores minas de mercurio do mundo e estiveron operativas ata tempos recentes. O mercurio xogou un papel importante na extracción de ouro e prata, minerais escavados nas minas americanas. Ademais, ambos xacementos ilustran os distintos elementos industriais, territoriais, urbanos e sociais dun sistema sociotécnico específico nas industrias mineiras e de produción de metais.[1]

No corazón do xacemento de Almadén hai un museo mineiro, onde o público pode entrar a unha mina subterranea.[2] Tamén hai edificios relacionados coa historia mineira da cidade, incluído o castelo de Retamar,[3] o hospital mineiro de San Rafael (agora un arquivo) e vivendas do século XVIII que forman unha praza de touros hexagonal.[4]

O sitio de Idrija conta especialmente con almacéns e infraestruturas de mercurio, así como vivendas e un teatro para mineiros.

Proceso de candidatura

Interior dunha das minas de Almadén

Idrija comezou o proceso para inscribir o patrimonio de mercurio na lista do patrimonio da UNESCO no 2006.[5] Inicialmente, o nomeamento realizouse xunto coa mina de mercurio de Huancavelica no Perú, en relación á ruta intercontinental "Camino Real". Na segunda etapa, a candidatura centrouse no patrimonio do mercurio en relación coa minería da prata, xunto coa mina San Luis Potosí] en México, con todo, o nomeamento non reuniu o suficiente apoio. A exitosa terceira etapa da candidatura centrouse na extracción do mercurio en relación cos procesos tecnolóxicos e industriais que influíron no desenvolvemento económico e cultural das dúas rexións..[6]

Lista de monumentos rexistrados

Forno de Bustamante das minas de Almadén.
Castelete das minas de Almadén.
Edificio da bomba en in Idrija.

Os sitios do "Patrimonio de Mercurio" son os seguintes:[7]

Almadén

Código Nome Localización Zona de proteción Coordinadas
1313rev-001 Centro histórico de Almadén Almadén 48.98 ha 38°46′31″N 4°50′37″O / 38.775278, -4.843611 (Almadén - Cidade vella)
1313rev-002 Edificios da Mina do Castelo Almadén 0,22 ha 38°46′21″N 4°50′23″O / 38.772500, -4.839722 (Edificios da Mine do Castelo)
1313rev-003 Prisión real de traballos forzados Almadén 0.11 ha 38°46′19″N 4°50′03″O / 38.771806, -4.834167 (Royal Forced Labour Gaol)
1313rev-004 Hospital Real de San Rafael (nenos) Almadén 0.10 ha 38°46′22″N 4°49′53″O / 38.772778, -4.831389 (Hôpital royal San Rafael pour mineurs)
1313rev-005 Praza de touros Almadén 0.25 ha 38°46′30″N 4°49′47″O / 38.775091, -4.829682 (Bullring)

Idrija

Código Nome Localización Zona de proteción Coordenadas
1313rev-006 Centro histórico de Idrija Idrija 47.33 ha 46°00′02″N 14°01′19″L / 46.000612, 14.022061 (Vieille ville d'Idrija)
1313rev-007 Fundición Idrija 0.60 ha 46°00′25″N 14°01′52″L / 46.006944, 14.031111 (Idrija – Smelting Plant)
1313rev-008 Bomba Kamšt con canle de auga e depósito (Kobila) Idrija 1.61 ha 45°59′56″N 14°01′51″L / 45.998889, 14.030833 (Idrija – Kamšt water pump with the Rake water channel and Kobila dam)
1313rev-009 Depósito de auga Idrija 0.71 ha 46°01′04″N 13°56′22″L / 46.017778, 13.939444 (Gorenja Kanomlja – Kanomilja or Ovcjak Water Barrier)
1313rev-010 Lagoa Idrija Idrija 1.21 ha 46°00′10″N 13°55′12″L / 46.002778, 13.920000 (Vojsko – Idrijca Water Barrier)
1313rev-011 Encoro de Putrih no río Belca Idrija 0.49 ha 45°58′34″N 13°56′01″L / 45.976111, 13.933611 (Idrijska Bela – Putrih’s Water Barrier on the Belca creek)
1313rev-012 Encoro de Brus no río Belca Idrija 2.49 ha 45°58′13″N 13°57′08″L / 45.970278, 13.952222 (Idrijska Bela – Belca Water Barrier on the Belca creek (or Brus`s Water Barrier))

Notas

Referencias
  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
  2. ↑ "Mining Park". Tourist Office of Rios EVA Mancomunidad. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 06 de marzo de 2017. Consultado o 10 de xullo de 2016. 
  3. ↑ "Retamar Castle". Tourist Office of Rios EVA Mancomunidad. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 06 de marzo de 2017. Consultado o 10 de xullo de 2016. 
  4. ↑ "Bullring". Tourist office of Rios EVA Mancomunidad. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 06 de marzo de 2017. Consultado o 10 de xullo de 2016. 
  5. ↑ Občina Idrija - Dediščina živega srebra Arquivado 2012-06-27 en Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ Rudnik živega srebra Idrija zapisan na Unescov seznam :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija
  7. ↑ Fuente: Unesco

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