Feminismo negro

O feminismo negro é unha corrente de pensamento dentro do feminismo que defende que o sexismo, a opresión de clases e o racismo están estreitamente relacionados. A maneira en que estes conceptos se relacionan entre si recibe o nome de interseccionalidade.

Teoría da interseccionalidade

O termo 'interseccionalidade' foi cuñado por primeira vez pola xurista Kimberlé Crenshaw en 1989.[1] No seu traballo, Crenshaw sostén que a experiencia de ser unha muller negra non pode ser entendida de xeito independente en termos de ser negra ou de ser muller, senón que debe ser incluída no debate a súa interdependencia.[2] O feminismo no seu núcleo é un movemento para abolir as desigualdades que enfrontan as mulleres. O Colectivo Combahee River argumentou en 1974 que a liberación das mulleres negras implica a liberdade para todas as persoas, xa que suporía o fin do racismo, o sexismo e a opresión de clases. Trace Rose dixo que "a instalación de vídeo dunha soa canle co monitor de televisión volveu ó seu carón, en branco e negro, os sons, as dimensións variables".[3][4]

Historia do feminismo negro

O feminismo negro popularizouse na década de 1960 como resposta ó movemento polos dereitos civís, o cal excluía ás mulleres dos postos de poder, e o racismo percibido dende o movemento feminista. Durante as décadas de 1970 e de 1980, as feministas negras formaron varios grupos dende onde abordaban o papel das mulleres negras no nacionalismo negro, a liberación gai e a segunda onda do feminismo. Na década de 1990, a polémica do caso de Anita Hill puxo o foco de atención no feminismo negro. As teorías feministas negras chegaron a un público máis amplo na década de 2010, grazas ó apoio dos medios de comunicación.[5]

As defensoras do feminismo negro argumentan que as mulleres negras están situadas dentro dunhas estruturas de poder dunha forma fundamentalmente diferente ás mulleres brancas. Nos últimos anos, a distinción do feminismo negro deu a luz á etiqueta de "feminismo branco", utilizada para criticar as feministas que non recoñecen os problemas da interseccionalidade.[6] Os críticos do feminismo negro sosteñen que as divisións raciais debilitan a forza do movemento feminista global.[7]

Entre as teorías que se desenvolveron a partir do feminismo negro atopamos o "mullerismo" de Alice Walker e un revisionismo histórico que centra a súa atención nas mulleres negras.[8][9] Angela Davis, bell hooks, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, e Patricia Hill Collins xurdiron como líderes académicas do feminismo negro, mentres que outras mulleres famosas, en particular Beyoncé, alentaron a discusión do feminismo negro nos medios de comunicación.[10]

Notas

  1. ""Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics".". 
  2. "El doble enlazamiento entre la raza y el género" (PDF). Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 18 de xaneiro de 2012. Consultado o 08 de xuño de 2018. 
  3. Global Feminisims. Merrell. 
  4. "The Black Feminist Statement". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 26 de marzo de 2016. Consultado o 08 de xuño de 2018. 
  5. JAMILAH LEMIEUX. "Black Feminism goes viral". 
  6. "Why we need to talk about white feminism". 
  7. "What happenes to the womens movement". 
  8. "Some implications of womanist theory". Callaloo. 
  9. Transcending the Talented Tenth: Black Leaders and American Intellectuals. Routledge. 1997. 
  10. "Beyonce Feminism". 

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