Cel

Exemplo dun anime cel cun debuxo a lapis.

Cel (セル画 seru-ga?) chamada anime cel, é unha folla semi tansparente usada para o debuxo previo ó proceso de animación. É usado na industria da animación tradicional, onde cada folla representa un fotograma; o seguinte paso no proceso é usar unha táboa de tempos, que indica a posición dun Cel (セル画 seru-ga?) na secuencia animada.[1] O celuloide foi usado durante a primeira metade do século XX, pero debido á súa condición de inflamable, foi substituído por un composto de acetato de celulosa. Co constante crecemento da animación por computadora, o uso de cels foi ós poucos abandonado. Os estudos Disney deixaron de usar cels nos seus debuxos animados en 1990, cando chegou un programa de animación por computadora a substituílos.[2]

Técnica

Ilustración do acomodo de cels para compor unha escena, con dous personaxes debuxados en dous cels superpostos sobre un fondo.

Os personaxes son debuxados nun cel. Unha vez rematado o debuxo, en produción agrégase un fondo estático feito por separado. Isto axuda reducindo o número de veces que unha imaxe debe ser redebuxada e dividir o traballo de forma máis eficiente.[3] Earl Hurd é considerado o inventor desta técnica, cando patentou o proceso no ano 1914.[4]

O debuxo rematado era coloreado por separado a man ou usando técnicas diferentes; os estudos de animación Production I.G até 1999 seguían usando cels para a maioría das súas animacións e pintaban a man os seus traballos; para as liñas e a definición final da escena, dende 1960 úsase o xerografado.[5] Outro importante avance na técnica foi o proceso de foto-transferencia, visto por primeira vez en The Black Cauldron en 1985.[6]

Notas

  1. ↑ "Animanga Services - Information about cels and animation". 
  2. ↑ "The Art of Disney and Sotheby's". ISSN 1041-617X. 
  3. ↑ Disney Animation: The Illusion Of Life. Disney Editions. ISBN 078-686070-7. 
  4. ↑ "University of Dallas - History of computer graphics and animation". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 02 de xuño de 2017. Consultado o 25 de outubro de 2018. 
  5. ↑ "Huitula - Production IG anime production process". 
  6. ↑ Film Cartoons: A Guide to 20th Century American Animated Features and Shorts. ISBN (nº). 

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