Armeenje

Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
Flagge fan Armeenje Wapen fan Armeenje
Flagge Wapen
Lokaasje fan Armeenje
Offisjele taal Armeensk
Haadstêd Jerevan
Steatsfoarm Republyk
Gebiet
% wetter
29.800 km²
4,5­%
Ynwenners (2006) 3.215.800
Munt Dram (AMD)
Tiidsône UTC +4
Nasjonale feestdei 21 septimber
Lânkoade ARM
Ynternet .am
Tillefoan 374

Armeenje is in lân in Lyts-Aazje. De haadstêd is Jerevan en de presidint fan de republyk is sûnt 2008 Serzj Sarkisian. It lân makke foarhinne diel út fan Sowjetuny, mar is hjoed de dei in demokratyske steat. Armeenje is ien fan de âldste beskavingen fan de wrâld mei in rike skiednis en kulturele erfenis. It is ek it earste lân dat it Kristendom as steatsreligy oannomd hat. Hoewol't it grûnwetlik in sekuliere steat foarmet spilet it kristlik leauwen in wichtige rol yn de skiednis en de identiteit fan de befolking, de Armeenjers.

Geografy

Lizzing

Armeenje leit in Lyts-Aazje en is alhiel troch lân begrinzge, te witten de lannen:

Lânskip

Armeenje is foar it grutste part bercheftich, mei gjin inkel punt ûnder 400 meter. It heechste punt is de Aragats mei in hichte fan 4095 meter. De sintrale slink yn it súdeasten wurdt dominearre troch de Sevamar. Fierders binne de grutste rivieren de Hrazdan en de Debed.

Armeenje hat troch ûntbosking suver hast gjin bosken mear. It lân is gemysk fersmoarge mei ûnder oaren DDT, wêrtroch de dochs al minne boaiemkwaliteit noch fierder efterút gien is.

Skiednis

Yn de rin fan de skiednis hawwe ferskate kultueren en folken hearske oer Armeenje, ûnder oaren: Perzen, Romeinen, Arabieren, Turken, Mongoalen, Griken, Britten en Russen.

Haggat kleaster út de 13e iuw

Ynearsten waard it gebiet bewenne troch Kaukasyske Albanezen en Skyten yn de 9e iuw f.Kr. Dêrnei hearske de Meden dy't troch de Achaemeniden om 550 f.Kr. ferslein waarden. Yn 330 f.Kr. oerweldige Aleksander de Grutte op syn beurt de Achaemeniden. Nei it tiidrek fan de Grykske Seleusiden (dy't de gebieten fan Aleksander urven) ûntstie der in ier ûnôfhinklik keninkryk Armeenje dat fan 190 f.Kr. oant de 8e iuw bestean soe, oant de Arabieren der in ein oan makken. Yn de 11e iuw waarden de Seljuk Turken de oerhearskjende macht. Yn de 13e14e iuw hie it gebiet te krijen mei ynvaazjes troch Mongoal-Tartaren. It grutste part fan it lân waard ferwoaste en in soad Armeenjers flechten nei it westen, dêr't sy it keninkryk Silisysk Armeenje stiften. It lêste Armeenske Ryk, ûnder it bestjoer fan de Rubenianen, wurke gear mei de Krúsfarders.

Yn de 15e iuw waard Armeenje opdield troch Perzje en it Ottomaanske Ryk. Yn de 19e iuw kaam it grutste part ûnder bewâld fan it Russyske Ryk fan de tsaren. Nei de Earste Wrâldkriich makke Armeenje mei Georgje en Azerbeidzjan part út fan de Kaukasyske Federaasje. Tusken 1918 oant 1920 wienen dizze trije lannen ûnôfhinklik. Armeenje ward yn dy tiid oantsjutten as de Demokratyske Republyk Armeenje. Yn 1920 makke it Reade Leger fan de Sowjet Uny in ein oan de ûnôfhinklikens en kaam Armeenje by de Sowjet Uny.

Yn 1988 ûntstie der in konflikt mei Azerbeidzjan oer Nagorno-Karabakh, dat as autonome oblast binnen de Sowjet-Azerbeidzjan lei en dêr't de Armeenjers de mearderheid foarmen. Yn augustus 1990 waard Armeenje ûnôfhinklik fan de Sowjet Uny. It rekke mei Azerbeidzjan yn oarloch oer de enklave Nagorno Karabach dat him ek ûnôfhinklik ferklearre hie.

As gefolch fan in ekonomyske blokkade troch Turkije en Azerbeidzjan liede Armeenje in protte skea. Yn de jierren 90 is mear as in kwart fan de totale befolking emigrearre. De grins mei Turkije is tsjintwurdich noch hieltyd ticht.

Demografy

Befolking

De befolking fan Armeenje is 3.215.800 grut (2006) en it lân is de op twa nei tichtst befolke fan de eardere Sowjetuny. Nei it útinoar fallen fan de USSR rûn de befolking ynearsten hurd werom, benammen troch emigraasje nei oare republiken. Dizze delgong is tsjintwurdich ta stân brocht en it falt te ferwachtsjen dat yn 2010 de befolking wer waakse sil.

Etnyske Armeenjers meitsje mei 97.9% it meastepart fan de befolking út, Jazidis 1.3% en Russen 0.5%.

Talen

Armeensk manuskript út de 11e iuw

De talen dy't yn Armeenje sprutsen wurde binne Armeensk (offisjele taal) en it Russysk. It Armeensk hat in eigen alfabet dy't útfûn is troch de muonts Mesrob Mashtots yn 405. It alfabet bestie earst út 36 letters, dêr't yn de 12e iuw twa letters oan tafoege binne. Neffens de lêste folkstelling út 2001 sprekt 97,7% as memmetaal it Armeensk, 1% Koerdysk en 0,9% Russysk.

Godstsjinst

De wichtichste religy yn Armeenje is it Kristendom. De skiednis fan dat leauwen giet tebek oant de 1e iuw nei Kr. Neffens de tradysje stiften twa fan Jesus syn apostelen: Tadeus en Bartolomeus de Armeenske tsjerke tusken 40-60 n.Kr. Armeenje wie ek de earste steat dy't it Kristendom ta steatsreligy ferklearje soe yn 301. Goed 93% fan de Armeenske befolking heart by de Armeensk-Apostolyske tsjerke.

Oare tsjerken binne:

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:

Literatuer:

  • Philip Marsden, Armenië, Amsterdam/Antwerpen-2007.

Keppeling om utens:

Read other articles:

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