Shi Shen

Dans ce nom chinois, le nom de famille, Shi, précède le nom personnel Shen.

Page d’aide sur l’homonymie

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Shen Shi.

Shi Shen
Biographie
Naissance
Activités

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Shi Shen (chinois : 石申 ; Wade : Shih Shen, IVe siècle av. J.-C.) était un astronome chinois et contemporain de Gan De né dans l'État de Wei, également connu sous le nom de Maître Shi Shen (Shi Shenfu)[1].

Observations

Shi est crédité du positionnement de 121 étoiles découvertes dans les textes préservés[2]. Shen a aussi observé les tâches du soleil à des dates non précises[3],, observations parfois attribuées à Gan De. Il suppose que ces tâches étaient des éclipses qui commençaient au centre du soleil et se propageaient vers l'extérieur. Bien qu'il ait tort, il reconnaissait les tâches pour ce qu'elles sont : des phénomènes solaires[4].

Son travail comprend les livres Astronomie (appelé également Traité de Shi sur les étoiles) en 8 volumes, Carte céleste et Catalogue des étoiles de Shi. Il semble de nos jours que les deux derniers ouvrages aient été écrit pas ses disciples. La plupart de ses travaux ne nous sont pas parvenus intacts, mais quelques écrits cruciaux ont été préservés dans le Traité d'astrologie de l'ère Kaiyaun.

Livres

Shi Shen a écrit l'Astronomie Shi Shen (chinois : 石申天文 ; pinyin : Shi Shen tienwen)[5].

Influence

Gan De et Shi Shen sont largement cités dans divers textes astronomiques bien après leur mort, même s'l faut distinguer les ouvrages écrits avec des noms similaires mais qui n'ont pas été écrits par eux-mêmes. Par exemple, le Manuel des étoiles des maîtres Guna et Shi (chinois : 甘石星經 ; pinyin : Gan Shi Xingjing) a en réalité été compilé par Ma Xian (馬顯) vers l'an 579 comme une annexe à un traité calendaire[6].

En hommage, un cratère sur la lune porte le nom de Shi Shen.

Voir aussi

Références

  1. ↑ Il y a plusieurs noms de courtoisie qui lui sont attribués : Shi Shenfu (石申夫), Shi Shenfu (石申甫) et Shi Shenfu (石申父).
  2. ↑ (en) Milone, Eugene F. Humiston Kelley, David. Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy. [2005] (2005). (ISBN 0-387-95310-8)
  3. ↑ La première tâche du soleil aurait été observé le 10 mai 28 av J.C.
  4. ↑ Kaiyuan Zhanjing Vol. 6.
  5. ↑ Peng, Yoke Ho (2000). Li, Qi and Shu: An Introduction to Science and Civilization in China. Courier Dover Publications. (ISBN 0-486-41445-0)
  6. ↑ (en) Kistemaker, Jacob. Sun, Xiaochun. [1997] (1997). The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society. BRILL publishing. (ISBN 90-04-03938-4).

Bibliographie

  • (en) Du Shiran et al., Biographies of Ancient Chinese Scientists Series One: Shi Shenfu, Beijing, Kexue Chubanshe, (ISBN 7-03-002926-7, lire en ligne), p. 22–25.
  • (en) Zhu Genyi et al., Concise Spotlight on Who in the World of Science and Technology, Beijing, Zhongguo Kexue Jishu Chubanshe, (ISBN 7-5046-2602-3), p. 2–3.
  • (en) Dick Teresi, The Ancient Roots of Modern Science--from the Babylonians to the Maya, New York, Simon & Schuster, (ISBN 0-7432-4379-X), p. 148.

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