Sex-ratio opérationnel

Le sex-ratio opérationnel (ou OSR pour Operating Sex-ratio en anglais) est une mesure chez les espèces sexuées du sex-ratio, c'est-à-dire le taux comparé de mâles et femelles, prenant en compte la fertilité des individus et la disponibilité de ceux-ci pour la reproduction. Il est défini comme le quotient du nombre de femelles sexuellement disponibles sur le nombre de mâles sexuellement disponibles à un moment donné^[1].

Facteurs affectant le sex-ratio opérationnel

Le taux potentiel de reproduction

Le sex-ratio adulte

La répartition des sexes dans l'espace et le temps

Le sex-ratio opérationnel peut dépendre de la localisation : par exemple, chez la libellule émeraude, les mâles croisent longtemps sur le lieu de rendez-vous, jusqu'à trouver une partenaire, tandis que les femelles n'y séjournent qu'un minimum de temps. On aboutit ainsi localement à des OSR élevés, pouvant dépasser 90 %, pour une population globalement équilibrée.

Expression formelle

Sutherland^[2] exprime de manière formelle le sex-ratio opérationnel (SRO) par la formule suivante:

$SRO=S.{\frac {T_{m}-F_{m}.H_{m}}{T_{f}-F_{f}.H_{f}}}$

où $S$ est le sex-ratio des adultes fertiles, $T_{m}$ et $T_{f}$ le temps consacré à la reproduction respectivement chez les mâles et les femelles, $F_{m}$ et $F_{f}$ le nombre d'évènements de reproduction effectués respectivement par les mâles et les femelles pendant la période de reproduction et $H_{m}$ et $H_{f}$ le temps nécessaire à chaque évènement de reproduction respectivement pour le mâle et la femelle. Ces paramètres dépendent de nombreux facteurs différents, explicités en partie par Clutton-Brock et Parker en 1992^[3].

Influence du sex-ratio opérationnel sur les rôles sexuels

Notes et références

↑ (en) Stephen T. Emlen et Lewis W. Oring, « Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems », Science, vol. 197, n^o 4300,‎ 15 juillet 1977, p. 215-233 (DOI 10.1126/science.327542)
↑ (en) J.W. Sutherland, Sexual selection : testing the alternatives, Chichester, J.W. Bradbury, M.B. Andersson, 1987 (ISBN 978-0-471-91624-6, OCLC 16405775, LCCN 87010616), « Random and deterministic components of variance in mating success », p. 209-219
↑ (en) Tim H. Clutton-Brock et G.A. Parker, « Potential reproductive rates and the operation of sexual selection », Quarterly review of biology, vol. 67, n^o 4,‎ 1992, p. 437-456 (ISSN 0033-5770)

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Bibliographie

(en) Malte Andersson, Sexual selection, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1994, 624 p. (ISBN 978-0-691-00057-2, 0691000573 et 9780691033440, OCLC 28891551, LCCN 93033276, lire en ligne)

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