Roue à augets

La roue à augets du Moulin Russon à Bussy-Saint-Georges (Île-de-France).
Roue à augets du Moulin du Vanneau à Saints-en-Puisaye (Yonne).
Roue à augets du moulin de Kériolet (Bretagne).
L'évolution moderne de la roue à augets : la turbine Pelton.

Une roue à augets, est une roue mue par la force de l'eau arrivant par "en dessus", (hydrotrochos[1]) et constituée d'une succession de compartiments cloisonnés en forme d'auges appelés augets (modioli)[2] empêchant des pertes de liquide vers l'axe, comme c'est le cas pour la roue à aubes, et qui dispose ainsi de plus de puissance et d'inertie, ce qui donne une rotation plus régulière. Une telle roue constitue le cœur d'un moteur hydraulique.

À puissance égale, la roue à augets nécessite moins d'eau que la roue à aubes, dont elle est une amélioration. Toutefois, elle nécessite une chute d'eau, là où la roue à aubes peut être actionnée seulement par une eau courante, sans chute.

Certaines turbines modernes utilisent la technique des roues à augets comme la turbine Pelton.

La noria (antlitrochos) inventée par les ingénieurs grecs à l'époque hellénistique pour faire monter les eaux, combine une roue à aubes et une roue à augets dont le contenu se dévide dans un réceptacle (hydrotheca, castellum).

Bibliographie

  • Terry S. Reynolds, Stronger Than a Hundred Men: A History of the Vertical Water Wheel, JHU Press, 2002.

Notes

  1. ↑ Chez les ingénieurs anciens. Georgius Andreas Böcklerus, Theatum machinarum novum, Nuremberg, 1662.
  2. ↑ Vitruve, livre X.

Articles connexes

v · m
Technique de production du mouvement
Usage
Type de roue
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