Résistance vasculaire

Comme tout liquide s'écoulant dans un tube, le sang propulsé par le cœur dans le système circulatoire est soumis à une résistance à l'écoulement.

Cette résistance vasculaire est l'un des deux facteurs qui influencent la pression et le débit du courant sanguin, l'autre étant la compliance des vaisseaux sanguins. Rappelons-nous la loi de Poiseuille : la différence de pression est égale au débit multiplié par la résistance à l'écoulement.

La résistance est due à plusieurs facteurs : 1- la température, ce qui va influencer la vasomotricité (vasodilatation/vasoconstriction), 2- le taux de dioxygène et 3- le débit cardiaque (ce qui comprend la fréquence cardiaque et le volume d'éjection systolique VES)

Le siège principal de la résistance vasculaire se trouve dans les artérioles, ces petites artères à paroi très musculaire, et qui peuvent donc faire varier fortement leur diamètre (appelé lumière), jouant directement sur la résistance vasculaire. La résistance se calcule sous cette forme : R=1/d^4. R = résistance, d=lumière (diamètre). Donc plus la lumière est petite, plus la résistance est grande et inversement.

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