Pont à béquilles

Pour un article plus général, voir pont.

Le pont à béquilles est un type de ponts dont le tablier est supporté par des béquilles.

Caractéristiques

Pour certains ponts la longueur est trop importante pour être soutenue par une poutre. Deux pièces obliques sont alors ajoutées qui reprennent une partie des efforts pour les retransmettre sur les berges : ce sont les « béquilles ». Elles peuvent être en matériaux divers (bois, pierre, métal, béton) travaillant en compression.

Les ponts à béquilles peuvent être assimilés à des ponts en arc. Les béquilles peuvent reprendre les efforts au tiers de la longueur de l'édifice, permettant de supporter trois poutres identiques, ou bien plus près des appuis si la longueur de la poutre centrale n'est pas excessive.

Par rapport à un pont à piles, cette méthode permet d'avoir un passage sous le pont plus large.

Certains ponts ne présentent qu'une béquille, souvent pour des questions d'esthétique.

Sollicitations : les appuis doivent être solides sous peine d'affaiblissement ou de destruction de l'ouvrage. Le moindre écartement des appuis entraîne un affaissement important. Dans le cas d'une structure surdimensionnée et continue (sans joint de dilatation médian), l'arc se comporte comme une poutre reposant sur deux piliers et ne transmet que des efforts de compression verticaux (cas de grande section, moment quadratique ou inertie important), comme un arc tendu par une corde.

Les viaducs de Sfalassà et de Platano, situés en Italie, sont les plus hauts ponts à béquilles du monde^[1]^,^[2].

Notes et références

↑ Platano Viaduct sur highestbridges.com.
↑ Sfalassà: il gigante della A3. Il Ponte di Bagnara è la struttura ad arco portale più alta del mondo., ilmetropolitano.it (14 Febbraio 2011)

Une catégorie est consacrée à ce sujet : Pont à béquilles.

v · m Ponts par types et longueurs
Structures	Pont suspendu Pont à haubans Pont en arc Pont bow-string Pont à poutres en porte-à-faux Pont en treillis Pont flottant Pont mobile Pont basculant Pont levant Pont submersible Pont tournant Pont transbordeur Pont Bailey Pont en bois Pont habité Pont couvert Pont à béquilles Pont Vierendeel
Matériaux	Pont métallique Pont en béton armé Pont en béton précontraint Pont en bois Pont en maçonnerie Pont de liane Pont mixte acier-béton Pont de corde inca
Modes de transport	Passerelle Passerelle himalayenne Pont de singe Pont ferroviaire Pont routier Pont-canal Pont-avion Pont interrompu Pont-bâche
Grands ponts	Ponts les plus longs Ponts suspendus Ponts à haubans Ponts en arc Ponts en porte-à-faux

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