Polynôme réciproque

En mathématiques, le polynôme réciproque d'un polynôme à coefficients complexes

est le polynôme P* défini par :

désigne le conjugué de . Pour tout nombre complexe z non nul, on a donc :

Un polynôme est dit réciproque lorsqu'il est égal à son polynôme réciproque.

Si les coefficients ai sont réels, cette définition équivaut à ai = ani. Dans ce cas, P est aussi appelé un polynôme palindromique (en).

Le polynôme minimal sur d'un nombre algébrique de module 1 est égal ou opposé à son polynôme réciproque.

Une conséquence est que les polynômes cyclotomiques Φn sont palindromiques pour n > 1 ; ceci est utilisé dans le crible sur les corps de nombres particuliers pour factoriser des nombres de la forme x11 ± 1, x13 ± 1, x15 ± 1 et x21 ± 1 en profitant des facteurs polynomiaux de degrés respectifs 5, 6, 4 et 6 - remarquons que l'indicatrice d'Euler des exposants vaut 10, 12, 8 et 12.

L'application P ↦ P* est une involution :

L'application qui à un polynôme P associe son polynôme aux inverses est diagonalisable, et de valeurs propres 1 et -1 (il suffit de vérifier que le polynôme X2 - 1 l'annule). En particulier, si le degré de P est pair, la dimension des deux sous-espaces propres de l'involution est identique, égale à n/2. Si le degré de P est impair, en notant n = 2p + 1, alors :

Crédit d'auteurs

(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Reciprocal polynomial » (voir la liste des auteurs).

Références

Émile Durand (1961) Solutions numériques des équations algrébriques I, Masson et Cie: XV - polynômes dont les coefficients sont symétriques ou antisymétriques, p. 140-141.

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