Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva

Page d’aide sur l’homonymie

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Álvarez, Toledo et Leiva (homonymie).

Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva
Fonction
Vice-roi du Pérou
-
Luis Jerónimo Fernández de Cabrera y Bobadilla (en)
García Sarmiento de Sotomayor
Biographie
Naissance
Décès
Nom de naissance
Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y LeivaVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Activités
Diplomate, militaireVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Famille
Maison Álvarez de Toledo (d)Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Enfants
Francisca de Toledo y Osorio (d)
Antonio Sebastián de ToledoVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Autres informations
Grade militaire
Distinctions
signature de Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva
Signature

modifier - modifier le code - modifier WikidataDocumentation du modèle

Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva, premier marquis de Mancera[1] (v. 1585-1654), est un gentilhomme espagnol, général, administrateur colonial et diplomate. D'abord capitaine général de Galicie, il est le quinzième vice-roi du Pérou, du au .

Biographie

Pedro de Toledo est le fils de Luis de Toledo, 4e seigneur de Mancera, et de sa seconde épouse, Isabel de Leiva. Après avoir servi dans l'armée espagnole en Italie, il est nommé lieutenant-général des galères en Sicile. Le roi Philippe IV d'Espagne lui accorde le titre de marquis de Mancera de Arriba en 1623. Il devient ensuite gouverneur et capitán general de Galicie pendant huit ans.

En 1639, à 54 ans, Pedro de Toledo est nommé vice-roi du Pérou, pays où il se rend en compagnie de son fils, Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, qui deviendra plus tard vice-roi de la Nouvelle-Espagne (1664-1673) et deuxième marquis de Mancera.

En tant que vice-roi du Pérou, Pedro de Toledo introduit l'utilisation du papel sellado, ou « papier scellé », qui oblige à enregistrer sous scellé les documents officiels, moyennant une taxe versée à la Couronne.

Il développe les forces navales et fortifie les ports de Valdivia, Valparaíso, Arica et Callao. À Callao, il fait édifier un rempart défensif long de 4 kilomètres qui sera terminé en 1647. Isla Mancera, une île à l'embouchure du Río Valdivia, lui doit son nom.

Pedro de Toledo se plaît à organiser des conversations littéraires, les tertulias, au cours desquelles il lance l'usage de la mancerina, ou trembleuse, tasse de chocolat chaud emboîtée dans sa soucoupe qui permet de ne pas renverser le liquide[2].

Pedro de Toledo regagne ensuite l'Espagne, où il meurt à Madrid en 1654.

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Le nom et les titres, en espagnol, sont : don Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva, sexto señor y primer Marqués de Mancera, Virrey de Galicia y del Perú, embajador en Alemania y Venecia, del Consejo de Guerra de don Felipe II, caballero de la orden de Alcalá y comendador de Esparragosa.
  2. ↑ La fabrication des mancerinas deviendra plus tard une industrie dans les villes espagnoles de Manises et de Talavera de la Reina.

Bibliographie

  • (pt) Castro Pereira Mouzinho de Albuquerque e Cunha, Fernando de, Instrumentário Genealógico - Linhagens Milenárias, &çç(, p. 329–330.
  • (es) Instituto de Salazar y Castro, Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles
  • (es) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, (ISBN 968-38-0260-5)

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