Nerprun

Rhamnus

Rhamnus
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Bourdaine (Rhamnus frangula)
Classification
Règne Plantae
Sous-règne Tracheobionta
Division Magnoliophyta
Classe Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe Rosidae
Ordre Rhamnales
Famille Rhamnaceae

Genre

Rhamnus
L., 1753

Classification phylogénétique

Ordre Rosales
Famille Rhamnaceae
Sous-famille Rhamnoideae
Tribu Rhamneae

Rhamnus (Les nerpruns) est un genre (ou deux genres, si Frangula est traité comme un genre distinct) de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Rhamnaceae. Il compte environ 100 espèces d'arbustes ou de petits arbres de 1 à 10 m de haut (rarement à 15 m) indigènes des régions tempérées et subtropicales de l'hémisphère nord, et localement en Afrique et en Amérique du Sud.

Différentes espèces

Flore de France

Source : Tela-Botanica

Autre liste

Selon ITIS :

Autre

Plante hôte

Les nerpruns sont la plante hôte des chenilles de plusieurs lépidoptères, par exemple le Citron (Gonepteryx rhamni), le Citron de Provence (Gonepteryx cleopatra), la Farineuse (Gonepteryx farinosa), la Thècle des nerpruns (Satyrium spini), la Thècle de la ronce (Callophrys rubi), l'Azuré des nerpruns (Celastrina argiolus), le Pacha à deux queues (Charaxes jasius), la Feuille-morte du chêne (Gastropacha quercifolia), la Phalène du marronnier (Alsophila aescularia), Eupoecilia ambiguella, la Lithosie complanule (Eilema lurideola), Actias selene (qui est un papillon d'élevage en Europe), Hemileuca eglanterina, Lycia hirtaria, Odonestis pruni, Papilio eurymedon, Saturnia atlantica et Saturnia pavonia[1],[2].

Usage

On extrayait autrefois de la baie du nerprun des teinturiers et de plusieurs autres variétés cultivées autour de la Méditerranée des matières colorantes jaunes, jaune-vertes et brunes, base des couleurs pour les artistes connues comme stil de grain et vert de vessie[3]. Ces colorants ont été remplacés, tant dans la teinture que dans les beaux-arts, par des produits synthétiques plus durables.

Le nerprun voit son nom attribué au 18e jour du mois de fructidor du calendrier républicain français[4], généralement chaque 4 septembre du calendrier grégorien.

Notes et références

  1. ↑ D.J. Carter et B. Hargreaves, Guide des chenilles d'Europe, Delachaux et Niestlé, Paris 2005 (ISBN 978-2-603-01444-8)
  2. ↑ funet
  3. ↑ M. V.-B., « Les graines jaunes », Revue des sciences naturelles appliquées : bulletin bimensuel de la Société nationale d'acclimatation de France,‎ , p. 562-563 (lire en ligne).
  4. ↑ Ph. Fr. Na. Fabre d'Églantine, Rapport fait à la Convention nationale dans la séance du 3 du second mois de la seconde année de la République Française, p. 30.

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