Métropole (Turquie)

Une métropole en Turquie est une municipalité de statut supérieur (en turc büyükşehir belediyesi). Elle est elle-même composée de municipalités de premier ordre, les arrondissements ou districts (belediye). Définie à la base dans la constitution turque de 1982 et mise en place à partir de 1984, son statut et ses critères ont été amendés plusieurs fois, notamment lors des réformes constitutionnelles de 2010. À l'origine, les métropoles ne se composaient que des districts centraux les plus urbains d'une province. La loi 6360 en 2012 a créé 13 nouvelles métropoles. Elle a également fait coïncider les territoires des métropoles et des provinces, en rattachant tous les districts d'une province à sa métropole. Aujourd'hui, une métropole doit, pour être constituée, être peuplée d'au moins 750 000 habitants.

Elle doit également remplir des critères relatifs à la densité et à l'espace occupé :

  • Les métropoles de plus de 2 000 000 habitants doivent couvrir un rayon de 50 km ;
  • celles de 1 000 000 à 2 000 000 habitants doivent couvrir un rayon de 30 km ;
  • celles de moins de 1 000 000 habitants doivent couvrir au moins un rayon de 20 km.

Les métropoles sont divisées en districts ou arrondissements (ilçe belediyesi).

Par exemple, dans la province d'Ankara, la métropole Ankara est composée de 25 districts métropolitains.

Municipalités de métropoles Date de création Population (2013) Nombre de districts[1]
Adana 05/06/1986 2 149 160 15
Ankara 23/03/1984 5 045 083 25
Antalya 09/09/1993 2 158 265 19
Aydın 06/12/2012 1 020 957 17
Balıkesir 06/12/2012 1 162 761 20
Bursa 18/06/1986 2 740 970 17
Denizli 06/12/2012 963 464 19
Diyarbakır 09/09/1993 1 607 437 17
Erzurum 09/09/1993 766 729 20
Eskişehir 09/09/1993 799 724 14
Gaziantep 20/06/1986 1 844 438 9
Hatay (Antioche) 06/12/2012 1 503 066 15
Mersin (İçel)[Note 1] 09/09/1993 1 705 774 13
İstanbul 23/03/1984 14 160 467 39
İzmir (Smyrne) 23/03/1984 4 061 074 30
Kayseri 07/12/1988 1 295 355 16
Kocaeli[Note 2] 09/09/1993 1 676 202 12
Konya 20/06/1986 2 079 225 31
Malatya 06/12/2012 762 538 13
Manisa 06/12/2012 1 359 463 17
Kahramanmaraş 06/12/2012 1 075 706 11
Mardin 06/12/2012 779 738 10
Muğla 06/12/2012 866 665 13
Ordu[Note 3] 14/03/2013 731 452 19
Sakarya[Note 4] 06/03/2000 917 373 16
Samsun 09/09/1993 1 261 810 17
Tekirdağ 06/12/2012 874 475 11
Trabzon 06/12/2012 758 237 18
Şanlıurfa 06/12/2012 1 801 980 13
Van 06/12/2012 1 070 113 13
Total 58 999 701 519

Métropoles avant la réforme de 2012

Avant la réforme de 2012, seuls les districts centraux les plus urbains d'une province font partie de la métropole.

Métropoles Population (2009) Districts
Adalia 955.573 Aksu, Döşemealtı, Kepez, Konyaaltı, Muratpaşa
Adana 1.563.545 Çukurova, Karaisalı, Sarıçam, Seyhan, Yüreğir
Ankara 4.306.105 Altındağ, Akyurt, Ayaş, Bala, Çankaya, Çubuk, Elmadağ, Etimesgut, Gölbaşı, Kalecik, Kazan, Keçiören, Mamak, Pursaklar, Sincan, Yenimahalle
Bursa 1.854.285 Gemlik, Gürsu, Kestel, Mudanya, Nilüfer, Osmangazi, Yıldırım
Diyarbakır 834.854 Bağlar, Kayapınar, Sur, Yenişehir
Erzurum 368.146 Aziziye, Palandöken, Yakutiye
Eskişehir 617.215 Odunpazarı, Tepebaşı
Gaziantep 1.295.050 Şahinbey, Şehitkamil, Oğuzeli
Istanbul 12.782.960 Adalar, Arnavutköy, Ataşehir, Avcılar, Bağcılar, Bahçelievler, Bakırköy, Başakşehir, Bayrampaşa, Beşiktaş, Beykoz, Beylikdüzü, Beyoğlu, Büyükçekmece, Çatalca, Çekmeköy, Esenler, Esenyurt, Eyüp, Fatih, Gaziosmanpaşa, Güngören, Kadıköy, Kağıthane, Kartal, Küçükçekmece, Maltepe, Pendik, Sancaktepe, Sarıyer, Silivri, Sultanbeyli, Sultangazi, Şile, Şişli, Tuzla, Ümraniye, Üsküdar, Zeytinburnu
Kayseri 911.984 Hacılar, İncesu, Kocasinan, Melikgazi, Talas
Kocaeli 1.422.752 Başiskele, Çayırova, Darıca, Derince, Dilovası, Gebze, Gölcük, İzmit, Kandıra, Karamürsel, Kartepe, Körfez
Konya 1.003.373 Karatay, Meram, Selçuklu
Mersin 842.230 Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar, Yenişehir
Sakarya 548.120 Adapazarı, Akyazı, Arifiye, Erenler, Ferizli, Hendek, Karapürçek, Sapanca, Serdivan, Söğütlü
Samsun 519.601 Atakum, Canik, İlkadım, Tekkeköy
İzmir (Smyrne) 3.276.815 Aliağa, Balçova, Bayındır, Bayraklı, Bornova, Buca, Çiğli, Foça, Gaziemir, Güzelbahçe, Karabağlar, Karşıyaka, Kemalpaşa, Konak, Menderes, Menemen, Narlıdere, Seferihisar, Selçuk, Torbalı, Urla

Notes et références

Notes

  1. Officiellement nommée İçel.
  2. Officiellement le centre de la province de Kocaeli était İzmit, mais elle est aujourd'hui un district.
  3. La population de la province d'Ordu a dépassé le seuil de 750 000 depuis 2013
  4. Officiellement le centre de la province de Sakarya était Adapazarı, mais elle est aujourd'hui un district.

Références

Lien externe

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