Marcel Minnaert

Marcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert (BrugesUtrecht) est un astronome belge.

Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale il soutient le mouvement flamingant et, pendant l'occupation allemande de la Belgique, il prône le remplacement du français par le néerlandais. À la fin de la guerre il est obligé de quitter la Belgique.

Biographie

Il obtient son Ph.D. en biologie à l'université de Gand en 1914. À partir de 1918 il travaille à l'université d'Utrecht, initialement en faisant de la recherche en photométrie. À Utrecht il commence à s'intéresser à l'astronomie et entreprend des recherches sur le Soleil, il se spécialise en spectrométrie et étudie l'atmosphère des étoiles.

En 1937 il devient directeur de l'observatoire de Sonnenborgh et professeur d'astronomie. En 1940 il publie un atlas de spectre solaire, l'atlas d'Utrecht, l'année suivante il invente la fonction de Minnaert (en) utilisé dans les mesures optiques d'objets célestes.

Lors de l'occupation allemande des Pays-Bas pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il est interné dans un camp comme otage, avec des centaines d'autres personnalités néerlandaises. Durant son internement il enseigne la physique et l'astronomie aux autres prisonniers. Après la guerre il est un des créateurs du centre de recherche de mathématiques et d'informatique à Amsterdam.

Il s'intéresse aussi à l'effet de l'atmosphère sur la lumière et les images et il écrit un livre devenu un classique sur ce sujet, De natuurkunde van 't vrije veld. Licht en kleur in het landschap, traduit en anglais sous le titre The Nature of Light and Color in the Open Air, Dover, 1954, (ISBN 0-486-20196-1)

On lui doit l'étude de la résonance des bulles dans un liquide, et en particulier le fait que la fréquence de résonance soit inversement proportionnelle à la taille de la bulle[1].

Honneurs

Annexes

Notes et références

  1. (en) J. David N. Cheeke, Fundamentals and Applications of Ultrasonic Waves, CRC Press, (ISBN 9780849301308), p. 15

Bibliographie

  • (nl) Leo Molenaar, De rok van het universum: Marcel Minnaert, astrofysicus 1893-1970 Balans, Amsterdam, 2003. (ISBN 9-050-18603-3)

Liens externes

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