Mangyül Gungthang

Mangyül Gungthang noté Mangyul sur une carte du plateau du Tibet pendant l'ère de la fragmentation.

Mangyül Gungthang (tibétain : མང་ཡུལ་གུང་ཐང་, Wylie : mang yul gung thang ; translittération en chinois simplifié : 芒域贡堂 ; chinois traditionnel : 芒域貢堂 ; pinyin : mángyù gòngtáng) ou Ngari Me est le nom d'un royaume tibétain, fondé en 1265 dans la partie inférieure du Ngari dans le sud-ouest du Tibet. Ce royaume était sous la juridiction de Sakya, mis au pouvoir par les Mongols, principalement sous la dynastie Yuan et l'impulsion de Kubilai Khan[1]. Ce petit royaume fut l'une des treize myriarchies — districts administratifs de dix mille familles chacun — de 1268 à 1287. Les rois de Gungthang ont régné sur ce royaume de 1265 à 1620.

Dzongkar (forteresse blanche) est le nom du château des rois de Mangyül Gungthang.

Le mangyül, aire entre le Tibet et le Népal, apparaît dans les « Annales bleues » (publié en 1476), principalement comme un lieu ou les gens passent entre les deux pays [2],[3].

Selnang (tibétain : གསལ་སྣང, Wylie : gsal snang, IXe siècle) y est nommé « maître du palais ». Son domaine dans le Mangyül sert de place pour protéger la statue de Jowo, jusqu'à ce que Padmasambhava arrive à surpasser les forces antagonistes au Tibet central et qu'elle puisse alors retourner au temple de Trülnang (Roerich, 44)[3].

Personnalités liées

Annexes

Notes et références

  1. Norbu 2001, p. 139.
  2. Roerich 1976, p. 42.
  3. a et b (en) Ben Deitle, « Mangyül (མང་ཡུལ་) », sur collab.its.virginia.edu

Bibliographie

  • (en) Franz-Karl Ehrhard : Early Buddhist Block Prints from Mang-yul Gung-thang. Lumbini International Research Institute 2000.
  • (de) Franz-Karl Ehrhard : Die Statue des Ārya Va-ti bzang-po. Ein Beitrag zu Geschichte und Geographie des tibetischen Buddhismus. Reichert, Wiesbaden 2004.
  • (de) Karl-Heinz Everding : Das Königreich Mang-yul Gung-thang. Königtum und Herrschaftsgewalt im Tibet des 13.-17. Jahrhunderts. 2 Teile. Bonn 2000.
  • (en) Dawa Norbu, China's Tibet Policy, Routledge, (lire en ligne), p. 139
  • (en) George de Roerich, (traduction de) The Blue Annals, Delhi, Motialal Banarsidass,

Voir aussi

  • Maryul, autre terre basse, à l'ouest du Ngari.

Read other articles:

Extensive system of coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany For the film, see Atlantic Wall (film). Atlantic WallPart of Nazi GermanyWestern coast of Continental Europe and Scandinavia TypeCoastal defence and fortificationsLength1670 miles (2687 km)Site informationControlled by Nazi GermanyConditionPartially demolished; mostly intactSite historyBuilt1942–1944Built byForced labourersIn use1942–1945Materials Concrete Wood Steel Battles/warsWorld War IIEventsSt Nazai...

 

Election for Mayor of New York City See also: 2021 New York state elections 2021 New York City mayoral election ← 2017 November 2, 2021 2025 →   Nominee Eric Adams Curtis Sliwa Party Democratic Republican Alliance Independent Popular vote 753,801 312,385 Percentage 67.0% 27.8% Borough results State Assembly results City Council results Precinct resultsAdams:      30–40%      40–50%     &#...

 

Untuk kartu tambahan yang memiliki unit pemroses grafis, lihat Kartu video. Komponen GPU Unit pemroses grafis atau unit pengolahan grafis (Inggris: graphics processing unitcode: en is deprecated /GPU) adalah sirkuit elektronik khusus yang dirancang untuk memanipulasi dan mengubah memori dengan cepat guna mempercepat pembuatan gambar dalam frame buffer yang ditujukan untuk keluaran ke tampilan perangkat. GPU digunakan dalam sistem tertanam, ponsel, komputer pribadi, workstation, dan konsol per...

Minor league baseball teamLaurel Blue Hens1922–1923 Laurel, Delaware Minor league affiliationsClassClass D (1922–1923)LeagueEastern Shore League (1922–1923)Major league affiliationsTeamNoneMinor league titlesLeague titles (0)NoneTeam dataNameLaurel Blue Hens (1922–1923)BallparkLeague Park (1922–1923) The Laurel Blue Hens were a minor league baseball team based in Laurel, Delaware. In 1922 and 1923, the Blue Hens teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Eastern Sh...

 

Vietnamese-French engineer This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) André Truong Trong ThiBorn(1936-01-30)30 January 1936Cholon, Saigon, French IndochinaDied29 April 2005(2005-04-29) (aged 69)Paris, FranceEducationEFREIKnown forInvention of Mi...

 

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています(詳細)。 数字の大字(だいじ)は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字(小字)の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券(「壱」が大字) 弐千円日本銀行券(「弐」が大字) 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

Stadium This article is about the soccer stadium near Chicago, Illinois, formerly known as Toyota Park. For the two soccer stadiums in Texas see Toyota Stadium and Toyota Field. For other uses, see Toyota Park (disambiguation). SeatGeek StadiumSeatGeek Stadium (then Toyota Park) in 2013SeatGeek StadiumLocation in the Chicago areaShow map of Chicago metropolitan areaSeatGeek StadiumLocation in IllinoisShow map of IllinoisSeatGeek StadiumLocation in the United StatesShow map of the United State...

 

Government corporation in Puerto Rico This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Puerto Rico Highways and Transportation Authority – news · newspapers ·...

 

French général de division Camille Alphonse TrézelBorn(1780-01-05)5 January 1780ParisDied11 April 1860(1860-04-11) (aged 80)ParisAllegianceFranceYears of service1801–1856RankMajor-generalBattles/warsBattle of LignyBattle of MactaAwardsLegion of Honour (Grand Officer)Other workMinister for War Camille Alphonse Trézel (5 January 1780, in Paris – 11 April 1860, in Paris) was a French général de division, Minister for War and peer of France during the July Monarchy. He wa...

Canadian politician (born 1981) The HonourableTerry BeechPC MPBeech in 2019Minister of Citizens ServicesIncumbentAssumed office July 26, 2023Prime MinisterJustin TrudeauPreceded byPosition establishedParliamentary Secretary to the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of FinanceIn officeDecember 3, 2021 – July 26, 2023MinisterChrystia FreelandPreceded bySean FraserSucceeded byTBDParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Fisheries, Oceans, and the Canadian Coast GuardIn office...

 

American college football season 2022 Memphis Tigers footballFirst Responder Bowl championFirst Responder Bowl, W 38–10 vs. Utah StateConferenceAmerican Athletic ConferenceRecord7–6 (3–5 AAC)Head coachRyan Silverfield (3rd season)Offensive coordinatorTim Cramsey (1st season)Offensive schemePro spreadDefensive coordinatorMatt Barnes (1st season)Base defense4–3Home stadiumSimmons Bank Liberty StadiumSeasons← 20212023 → 2022 American At...

 

  提示:此条目页的主题不是萧。 簫琴簫與洞簫木管樂器樂器別名豎吹、豎篴、通洞分類管樂器相關樂器 尺八 东汉时期的陶制箫奏者人像,出土於彭山江口汉崖墓,藏於南京博物院 箫又稱洞簫、簫管,是中國古老的吹管樂器,特徵為單管、豎吹、開管、邊稜音發聲[1]。「簫」字在唐代以前本指排簫,唐宋以來,由於單管豎吹的簫日漸流行,便稱編管簫爲排簫�...

NASA group established by the Obama administration to clarify US aerospace's future Logo of the Augustine Committee The Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, better known as the HSF Committee, Augustine Commission, or Augustine Committee, was a group convened by NASA at the request of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), to review the nation's human spaceflight plans to ensure a vigorous and sustainable path to achieving its boldest aspirations in space.&#...

 

Wonder BoysPoster film Wonder BoysSutradaraCurtis HansonProduserCurtis HansonScott RudinDitulis olehSteve KlovesBerdasarkanWonder Boysoleh Michael ChabonPemeranMichael DouglasTobey MaguireFrances McDormandKatie HolmesRobert Downey, Jr.Penata musikChristopher YoungSinematograferDante SpinottiPenyuntingDede AllenPerusahaanproduksiBBC FilmsCurtis Hanson ProductionsMarubeniMFF Feature Film ProductionsMutual Film CompanyScott Rudin ProductionsTele München Fernseh ProduktionsgesellschaftToho...

 

Maryse OuelletOuellet in 2008Lahir21 Januari 1983 (umur 41)Montreal, Quebec, CanadaTempat tinggalMiami, Florida[1]Karier gulat profesionalNama ringMaryseMaryse OuelletTinggi5 ft 8 in (1,73 m)[2]Berat125 pon (57 kg)[2]Asal dariMontreal, Quebec, Canada[3]Dilatih olehAl Snow[4]Steve Keirn[4]Tom Pritchard[4]Finlay[4]Ricky Steamboat[4]DebutJuli 10, 2006 Maryse Ouellet (lahir 21 Januari 1983) adala...

بول بوير (بالإنجليزية: Paul D. Boyer)‏    معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالإنجليزية: Paul Delos Boyer)‏  الميلاد 31 يوليو 1918 [1][2][3]  بروفو[4][5]  الوفاة 2 يونيو 2018 (99 سنة) [6][2][3]  لوس أنجلوس  سبب الوفاة فشل تنفسي  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  عضو ...

 

Vue satellite de la caldeira du Tambora dont l'éruption déclencha l'année sans été. L’année sans été désigne l'année 1816, pendant laquelle des perturbations sévères du climat détruisent les récoltes en Europe occidentale et centrale, dans l'Est du Canada et dans le Nord-Est des États-Unis, et dans une grande partie de la Chine. L'historien John D. Post y voit « la dernière grande crise de subsistance dans le monde occidental »[1]. L'année 1816 est également su...

 

Chinese philosopher and author (226–249) In this Chinese name, the family name is Wang. Wang Bi王弼Born226Shandong ProvinceDied249 (aged 23)Other namesFusi (輔嗣)Occupation(s)Philosopher, politicianParentWang Ye (father) Wang BiChinese王弼TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinWáng BìWade–GilesWang2 Pi4IPA[wǎŋ pî]Yue: CantoneseYale RomanizationWòhng BahtJyutpingWong4 Bat6IPA[wɔŋ˩ pɐt̚˨] Part of a series onTaoism Outline History Concepts Daoxu...

Greek economist and politician Yanis VaroufakisΓιάνης ΒαρουφάκηςVaroufakis in 2019Secretary-General of MeRA25IncumbentAssumed office 26 March 2018Preceded byPosition establishedMinister of FinanceIn office27 January 2015 – 6 July 2015Prime MinisterAlexis TsiprasPreceded byGikas HardouvelisSucceeded byEuclid TsakalotosMember of the Hellenic ParliamentIn office8 July 2019 – 21 May 2023ConstituencyThessaloniki AIn office25 January 2015 – 20 Se...

 

Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Squadron 769 Naval Air SquadronActive24 May - 1 December 193929 November 1941 - 29 October 1945[1]Country United KingdomBranch Royal NavyTypeFleet Air Arm Second Line SquadronRole Deck Landing Training Squadron Torpedo Bomber Reconnaissance Training Squadron SizeSquadronPart ofFleet Air ArmInsigniaIdentification MarkingsT6A+ (all types 1939)individual letters (Swordfish 1941-1943)individual numbers (Albacore 1941-1943)E3A+ and E4A+(all types 194...