Lycaena

Lycaena est un genre de lépidoptères (papillons) de la famille des Lycaenidae et de la sous-famille des Lycaeninae.

Noms vernaculaires

Quand elles ont un nom vernaculaire, les espèces du genre Lycaena sont généralement appelées Cuivrés (ou parfois Argus) en français, et coppers en anglais[1].

Systématique

Le genre Lycaena a été créé en 1807 par l'entomologiste danois Johan Christian Fabricius, avec pour espèce type Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761[2]. Il englobait au départ de nombreuses espèces qui ont ensuite été reclassées dans d'autres genres de la famille des Lycaenidae, dont il est le genre type.

Dans la classification moderne des Lycaenidae, le genre Lycaena appartient à la sous-famille des Lycaeninae et à la tribu des Lycaenini[1]. Ses délimitations restent débattues, et la liste de ses espèces varie donc selon les sources. La plupart des auteurs récents adoptent une définition relativement large, en choisissant d'y intégrer les nombreuses espèces naguère placées dans les genres Epidemia, Heodes, Palaeochrysophanus et Thersamonia. Ces derniers sont alors soit rétrogradés au rang de sous-genres du genre Lycaena, soit mis en synonymie avec lui.

Synonymie

L'actuelle définition large du genre Lycaena fait que ce nom a beaucoup de synonymes (dont certains sont parfois considérés comme des sous-genres)[1],[2] :

  • Heodes Dalman, 1816
  • Chysoptera Zincken, 1817
  • Chrysophanus Hübner, 1818
  • Lycia Sodovskii, 1837
  • Migonitis Sodovskii, 1837
  • Tharsalea Scudder, 1876
  • Chalceria Scudder, 1876
  • Epidemia Scudder, 1876
  • Gaiedes Scudder, 1876
  • Loweia Tutt, 1906
  • Rumicia Tutt, 1906
  • Hyrcanana Bethune-Baker, 1914
  • Thersamonia Verity, 1919
  • Palaeoloweia Verity, 1934
  • Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1934
  • Helleia Verity, 1943
  • Sarthusia Verity, 1943
  • Disparia Verity, 1943
  • Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943
  • Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1943
  • Thersamolycaena Verity, 1957
  • Rapsidia Sibatani, 1974
  • Antipodolycaena Smart, 1975
  • Hyllolycaena Miller & Brown, 1979
  • Hermelycaena Miller & Brown, 1979
  • Boldenaria Zhdanko, 1995

Liste des espèces

Lycaena helle
Lycaena thersamon
Lycaena alciphron
Lycaena hippothoe
Lycaena arota
Lycaena heteronea
Lycaena helloides
Lycaena hermes
Lycaena feredayi

D'après Funet[2] :

  • sous-genre Tharsalea (présent dans le néarctique)
  • sous-genre Hermelycaena (présent dans le néarctique)

Distribution géographique

Le genre Lycaena a une distribution principalement holarctique, c'est-à-dire comprenant le paléarctique (en Eurasie et en Afrique du Nord) et le néarctique (en Amérique du Nord), à l'exception de deux espèces originaires d'Afrique du Sud (Lycaena orus et L. clarki) et cinq de Nouvelle-Zélande (sous-genre Antipodolycaena)[2],[1].

Références

Liens externes

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