Lycée Sainte-Catherine de Lübeck

Le Katharineum de Lübeck en 2006.

Le Katharineum est un gymnasium fondé en 1531 à Lübeck et qui délivre un enseignement du latin et de la pensée humaniste.

L'école Katharineum a été ouverte à l'époque de la Renaissance dans les bâtiments du couvent Sainte-Catherine dont elle a pris le nom et qui était tenu auparavant par les franciscains. Elle est fondée au moment où la Réforme protestante réorganisait l'enseignement en Allemagne, sous la conduite de Johannes Bugenhagen[1]. Le théologien Hermann Bonnus est le premier recteur de cette nouvelle école.

Les élèves y apprenaient le latin médiéval ainsi que le grec ancien. L'étude du français a été introduite au Katharineum au milieu du XIXe siècle.

Thomas Mann et son frère Heinrich Mann, tous deux anciens élèves du Katharineum, le décrivent dans leur oeuvre : le Katharineum est le modèle de l'école que fréquente Hanno dans le roman Les Buddenbrook de Thomas Mann, ainsi que de l'institution où enseigne le professeur Unrat dans Professor Unrat oder das Ende eines Tyrannen de Heinrich Mann[2],[3].

Anciens élèves

Anciens enseignants

  • Hermann Bonnus (1504-1548), théologien, premier recteur du Katharineum en 1531 ;
  • Johannes Classen (1805-1891), philologue, enseignant de grec, latin, allemand et histoire de 1833 à 1852 ;
  • Martin Lipenius (1630-1692), bibliographe, co-recteur de 1673 à sa mort ;
  • Karl Ploetz (1819-1881), auteur de manuels scolaires dont le Große Ploetz, premier professeur de français de 1848 à 1852.
Plan du Katharineum en 1832, dans Denkmale der altdeutschen Backsteinbaukunst zu Lübeck.

Notes et références

  1. ↑ (de) Wolf-Dieter Hauschild (dir.), Lübecker Kirchenordnung von Johannes Bugenhagen 1531, Lübeck, Schmidt-Römhild, (ISBN 3-7950-2502-8).
  2. ↑ (de) Jan Zimmermann, « "Ich hatte allerlei auf dem Herzen, was ich der Jugend bei dieser Gelegenheit sagen möchte". Thomas Manns Teilnahme an der 400-Jahrfeier des Katharineums zu Lübeck im September 1931 », dans Britta Dittmann, Thomas Rütten, Hans Wißkirchen, Jan Zimmermann (dir.), „Ihr sehr ergebener Thomas Mann“. Autographen aus dem Archiv des Buddenbrookhauses, Lübeck, Schmidt-Römhild, .
  3. ↑ (de) Maud Legoube, Das Katharineum zu Lübeck : in Thomas und Heinrich Manns Werken und in Erfahrungen von Schülern heute (thèse), Le Mans, Université du Maine, , 127 p.

Bibliographie

  • (la) Johann Heinrich von Seelen, Athenae Lubecenses, Lübeck 1722, 4 vol.
  • (de) Ernst Deecke, Das Catharineum zu Lübeck vor 1800, Lübeck, 1843.
  • (de) Werner Dedekind, Die Schulordnungen des Katharineums zu Lübeck von 1531 bis 1891, Lübeck, Borchers, 1911 Lire en ligne.
  • (de) Bernhard Eschenburg, Das Katharineum zu Lübeck, Südende-Berlin, Hottinger, 1911.
  • (de) Hermann Genzken, Das Katharineum zu Lübeck in der Franzosenzeit 1806/1815, Lübeck, Borchers, 1914 Lire en ligne.
  • (de) Katharineum zu Lübeck. Festschrift zum 450-jährigen Bestehen, Lübeck, 1981.
  • (de) Jan Zimmermann, „Ein ansehnliches Gymnasium …“ Die Geschichte der Bilder des Katharineums zu Lübeck bis 1942, Lübeck, 1993 ; réédition augmentée en 2009.
  • (de) Festschrift zum 475-jährigen Bestehen des Katharineums zu Lübeck, Lübeck, 2006.
  • (de) Jörg Fligge, Lübecker Schulen im „Dritten Reich“: eine Studie zum Bildungswesen in der NS-Zeit im Kontext der Entwicklung im Reichsgebiet, Lübeck, Schmidt-Römhild, 2014, 626 p.

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