Limu o Pele

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Limu.

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le volcanisme et la pétrologie.

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Fragment de limu o Pele du Kīlauea à Hawaï, États-Unis.

Le limu o Pele ou limu, terme hawaïen signifiant littéralement en français « algue de Pélé », est un type de roche volcanique, plus précisément de verre volcanique, qui se présente sous la forme d'un pétale de quelques centimètres[1],[2]. Très fin, celui-ci est translucide, ce qui permet d'observer des bulles de gaz volcaniques piégées à l'intérieur, et de couleur brune à verte[1].

Formation

Explosion phréatomagmatique sur la côte du Kīlauea, à Hawaï, produisant des Limu o Pele.

Ces fragments se forment lorsqu'une coulée de lave fluide, généralement de type pāhoehoe, entre dans un plan d'eau agité de vagues[1],[2]. Les vagues, déferlant à la surface de la coulée, provoquent un choc thermique entre l'eau et la lave[1],[2]. Celle-ci explose, émet des paquets de lave incandescente qui peuvent piéger de l'eau en retombant[1],[2]. Cette eau va bouillir et former une bulle de lave dont le Limu o Pele constitue un fragment[1],[2].

Le Limu o Pele peut aussi voir naissance lors d'éruptions sous-marines comme sur le Kamaʻehuakanaloa.

Références

  1. ↑ a b c d e et f (en) « VHP Photo Glossary: Limu », United States Geological Survey (consulté le )
  2. ↑ a b c d et e (en) « Hot spot explosive eruptions », Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (consulté le )

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