Li Hong (Jin Orientaux)

Li Hong (李弘), originaire de Guanghan (廣漢), est un chef religieux chinois qui prit en 370 avec Li Jinyin (李金銀), originaire de Yizhou (益州)[1], la tête d’une révolte contre les Jin orientaux. Il prétendait être le fils de Li Shi (李勢), dernier souverain des Cheng Han, et se nommait ainsi que Li Jinyin "roi saint" (sheng wang 聖王). Leur mouvement fut défait par Zhou Xiao (周虓), préfet de Zitong[2].

Il est assimilé dans le taoïsme à une figure messianique qui, selon certains courants, apparaîtra à la fin du cycle historique pour sauver ceux qui auront adopté les pratiques, vertus et talismans de ces courants. Il est ainsi mentionné comme le souverain idéal qui remettra la terre et le ciel en ordre dans le texte apocalyptique Livre des incantations divines des grottes abyssales (Taishang dongyuan shenzhou jing 太上洞淵神咒經) [3]. Il est parfois considéré comme un avatar de Laozi [4] et de nombreuses révoltes à composantes religieuses firent appel à lui[5], particulièrement entre le Ve siècle et la dynastie Song [6].

Références et notes

  1. Ancienne division administrative aux confins du Sichuan et du Shaanxi.
  2. Zizhi Tongjian, rouleau 102 (资治通鉴第102卷·晋纪二十四)
  3. Anna K. Seidel. "Perfect Ruler in Early Taoist Messianism: Lao-tzu and Li Hung." History of Religions, Vol. 9, No. 2/3 (Nov., 1969 - Feb., 1970), p. 216-247
  4. Stephen Bokenkamp. "Early Daoist Scriptures." University of California Press, 1999.
  5. Eugene Yuejin Wang. "Shaping the Lotus Sutra: Buddhist visual culture in medieval China." Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2005.
  6. Isabelle Robinet, Phyllis Brooks, "Taoism: growth of a religion" (Stanford University Press: 1997), p. 162-163.


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