Langues paléo-hispaniques

Carte linguistique basée sur la distribution de toponymes et inscriptions.
Répartition des idiomes linguistiques de la péninsule ibérique vers 200 av. J.-C.[1].
Les langues paléo-hispaniques en accord avec les limites des inscriptions ou écritures paléo-hispaniques.

Les langues paléo-hispaniques désignent les langues indigènes de la péninsule Ibérique d'avant la conquête de cette dernière par les Romains. La notion même de langues indigènes ou autochtones est controversée car on ne connaît pas l'origine de certaines d'entre elles tandis que d'autres s'apparentent au groupe indo-européen (donc importé). De plus aucun lien de parenté n'a été établi de manière certaine entre ces langues. On utilise donc plutôt cette notion pour désigner les idiomes qui ne sont pas apparentés au phénicien, au grec ancien ou au latin bien entendu.

Certaines de ces langues paléo-hispaniques ont probablement disparu sans laisser de traces, d'autres ont été conservées dans les inscriptions en écritures paléo-hispaniques ou en alphabet latin, remontant au moins jusqu'au Ve siècle av. J.-C. (voire au VIIe siècle av. J.-C.) jusqu'au Ier siècle. On ne possède donc plus que le système d'écriture sans connaître directement la langue, comme c'est le cas pour d'autres langues de la même époque en Méditerranée occidentale, telles que l'étrusque, le paléo-sarde ou encore le ligure ancien.

Les différentes langues

Les langues connues à partir des textes écrits sont :

Notes et références

  1. ↑ « Carte ethnologique d'Iberia pré-romaine (environ 200 Colombie-Britannique). », sur arkeotavira.com (consulté le )

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • (es) Villar, Francisco, Los indoeuropeos y los orígenes de Europa, Madrid, 1991, (ISBN 84-249-1471-6).
  • (es) Albertos Firmat, María Lourdes, Lenguas primitivas de la Península Ibérica, issu du Boletín de la institución “Sancho el Sabio“, tome XVII, 1973.
  • (es) Blázquez, José María; Francisco Presedo; Francisco Javier Lomas; Javier Fernández Nieto, Protohistoria, issu de la Historia de España antigua, tome I, 1997, (ISBN 84-376-0232-7).
  • (es) Pellón, José R., Diccionario Espasa Íberos, Madrid, 2001, (ISBN 84-239-2290-1).
  • (es) Eslava Galán, Juan, Los íberos, Madrid, 2004, (ISBN 84-270-2996-9).
  • (es) Palaeohispanica (revista sobre lengua y culturas de la Hispania antigua), tome I, Zaragoza, 2001, (ISSN 1578-5386).

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