Langues muskogéennes

Langues muskogéennes
Pays États-Unis
Région Sud-Est
Classification par famille
Codes de langue
Glottolog more1255
Carte
Image illustrative de l’article Langues muskogéennes
Répartition des langues muskogéennes avant le premier contact européen.

Les langues muskogéennes (Muškokian : « le muskogéen » ), sont une famille de langues amérindiennes parlées au sud-est des États-Unis. Elles sont généralement divisées en deux branches, orientale et occidentale, bien que ces distinctions soient controversées. Ce sont des langues agglutinantes.

Classification interne

La famille muskogéenne a été subdivisée selon deux arbres concurrents. La classification traditionnelle est proposée par Mary Haas et ses étudiants, la version controversée, la plus récente, est proposée par Pamela Munro (en).

Arbre de Haas

Arbre de Munro

Relations avec d'autres langues

Haas (1951, 1952) suggéra que les langues muskogéennes faisaient partie d'un groupe plus large qu'elle nomma « Gulf » (pour langues du Golfe du Mexique), composé du muskogéen, de l'atakapa, du chitimacha, du tunica et du natchez. Ces relations font également l'objet d'une controverse. Des sources comme Campbell (1997) rejettent le groupe Gulf. Certains suggèrent des relations avec la langue des Yamasee, mais on connait peu de choses de cette dernière. Il est possible que les Yamasee provenaient de différents groupes ethniques et ne parlaient pas tous la même langue. Chester B. DePratter décrit les Yamasee comme consistant principalement en locuteurs du hitchiti et du guale[1]. L'historien Oatis décrit également les Yamasee comme un groupe non uniforme qui comprenait des locuteurs des régions muskogéennes comme celles des villes Hichiti du début de l'époque coloniale, Coweta et Cusseta[2].

Notes et références

  1. (en) The Foundation, Occupation, and Abandonment of Yamasee Indian Towns in the South Carolina Lowcountry, 1684-1715, National Register Multiple Property Submission by Dr. Chester B. DePratter
  2. (en) Steven J. Oatis, A colonial complex : South Carolina's frontiers in the era of the Yamasee War, 1680-1730, Lincoln (Neb.), University of Nebraska Press, , 399 p. (ISBN 0-8032-3575-5, lire en ligne)

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • (en) Lyle Campbell, 1997, American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America., New York, Oxford University Press, (ISBN 0-19-509427-1).
  • (en) Mary Haas, 1951, The Proto-Gulf word for water (with notes on Siouan-Yuchi)., International Journal of American Linguistics 17: 71-9.
  • (en) Mary Haas, (1952). The Proto-Gulf word for 'land' (with notes on Proto-Siouan), International Journal of American Linguistics 18:238-240.
  • (en) Mary Haas, 1973, The southeast. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Linguistics in North America (part 2, pp. 1210-1249), The Hague, Mouton.

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