Kasuga no Kami

Kasuga no Kami
Illustration.
modifier 

Kasuga no Kami (春日神) ou Kasuga Gongen (春日権現) ou Kasuga Myōjin (春日大明神) est un dieu de Kasuga-taisha[1],[2]. Il est composé de cinq divinités distinctes ayant chacune un équivalent shinto et bouddhiste[3].

Les quatre kamis principaux consacrés à Kasuga-taisha sont Ame-no-Koyane, Himegami, Futsunushi, et Takemikazuchi[1]. Bien qu'il s'agisse des principaux êtres divins du Kasuga taisha, ils sont souvent regroupés sous forme Shinbutsu shūgō, divinité combinée connue sous le nom de Kasuga Daimyōjin[2].

Kasuga Daimyōjin est composé de cinq êtres divins et chacun est constitué d'un bouddhiste divinité et homologue shinto kami. La cinquième divinité, Ame-no-Oshikumone, a été ajouté bien plus tard en tant qu'enfant divin d'Ame-no-Koyane et de Himegami[3]. L'importance du kami aux multiples facettes était qu'il est devenu un modèle pour les futurs fidèles qui souhaitaient combiner plusieurs divinités pour prier à la fois[4].

Les quatre kamis principaux (hors Ame-no-Oshikumone) ont chacun un sanctuaire qui leur est dédié et qui sont tous dans le même Kasuga-zukuri. Ils se caractérisent par des toits à pignon en pente, une structure rectangulaire, des katsuogis (bûches décoratives), et une architecture Chigi (structures de toit fourchues)[5]. La première salle créée est dédiée à Takemikazuchi, la deuxième à Futsunushi, la troisième à Ame-no-Koyane, et la salle finale est attribuée au consort, Himegami[6]. Le sanctuaire Wakamiya est dédié au cinquième nouveau membre Ame-no-Oshikumone[7],[8].

Les deux kamis Ama-no-Koyane et Himegami étaient bunrei transféré du Hiraoka-jinja, et le sanctuaire reçut ainsi le nom de Moto-Kasuga (« ancien Kasuga »)[9],[10]. Ces deux divinités et leur fils Ame-no-Oshikumone[3] sont les ancêtres du clan Nakatomi et du clan Fujiwara[11],[3].

Le sanctuaire Hiraoka est situé dans les contreforts occidentaux du mont Ikoma, dans la préfecture d'Osaka, au centre du Japon. Dans ses premiers jours, c'était un centre de culte de la montagne et le kami de Kozudake, le pic immédiatement derrière le sanctuaire, est venu à être identifié à Ame-no-Koyane, la divinité tutélaire du clan Nakatomi, les ancêtres du clan Fujiwara[9],[10].

Equivalents

Il comporte cinq composants, chacun correspondant à un Bouddha[3].

Installation du sanctuaire Partie shinto Partie bouddhiste
première salle[6] Takemikazuchi Amoghapasha Lokeshvara[12]
deuxième salle[6] Futsunushi Bhaisajyaguru
troisième salle[6] Ama-no-Koyane Kshitigarbha
quatrième salle[6] Himegami Ekādaśamukha
Sanctuaire Wakamiya[7],[8] Ame-no-Oshikumone Manjushri ou Avalokiteśvara[13].

Dans la culture populaire

Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel est une carte dans WIXOSS (en)[14],[15],[16],[17],[18].

Voir aussi

Références

  1. ↑ a et b Grapard, Allan G., The protocol of the gods: a study of the Kasuga cult in Japanese history, University of California Press, (ISBN 0520070976, OCLC 25873140)
  2. ↑ a et b Royall Tyler, The miracles of the Kasuga deity, Columbia University Press, (ISBN 9780231534765, OCLC 954193203)
  3. ↑ a b c d et e Elizabeth Ten Grotenhuis, Japanese mandalas : representations of sacred geography, University of Hawai'i Press, (ISBN 0824820002, OCLC 39181008)
  4. ↑ Michael Ashkenazi, Handbook of Japanese mythology, ABC-CLIO, (ISBN 9781849728560, OCLC 755870995)
  5. ↑ Joseph Cali, Shinto shrines: a guide to the sacred sites of Japan's ancient religion, University of Hawai'i Press, (ISBN 9780824837136, OCLC 1043096844)
  6. ↑ a b c d et e « Main Sanctuary » [archive du ], www.kasugataisha.or.jp (consulté le )
  7. ↑ a et b https://www.mlit.go.jp/tagengo-db/common/001559851.pdf
  8. ↑ a et b (en) « Wakamiya Shrine | Search Details », Japan Tourism Agency,Japan Tourism Agency (consulté le )
  9. ↑ a et b (ja) Emi Yoshiki, Zenkoku 'Ichinomiya' tettei gaido, PHP Institute, (ISBN 978-4569669304)
  10. ↑ a et b (ja) Shoji Okada, Taiyō no chizuchō 24 zenkoku 'Ichinomiya' meguri, Heibonsha, (ISBN 978-4582945614)
  11. ↑ Shibata, Joue. Saitama Sōsho. (1929) Volume 1: Chichibu Shi, p. 111, Chichibu hikomikoto o keizu 『埼玉叢書. 第1巻』内『秩父志』内111頁「秩父彦命御系図」. Sanmeisha
  12. ↑ https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/17426/1/Fowler.pdf
  13. ↑ Giolai, « Encounters with the Past: Fractals and Atmospheres at Kasuga Wakamiya Onmatsuri », Journal of Religion in Japan, vol. 9, nos 1-3,‎ , p. 213–247 (ISSN 2211-8349, DOI 10.1163/22118349-00901002, lire en ligne)
  14. ↑ « Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel (WXDi-P09-070[EN]) [Conflated Diva] », DukeCityGamesRio (consulté le )
  15. ↑ (en) « Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel (WXDi-P09-070[EN]) [Conflated Diva] », Gaming Giant (consulté le )
  16. ↑ « Your Trusted Marketplace for Collectible Trading Card Games - TCGplayer », www.tcgplayer.com (consulté le )
  17. ↑ (en) « Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel (WXDi-P09-070[EN]) [Conflated Diva] », Mahoney's Gaming Emporium (consulté le )
  18. ↑ « Kasuga no Kami, Jade Angel - WXDi-P09-070[EN] », Perfect Sphere Games (consulté le )
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