Kalön

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Kälon en 1938

Un kalön (tibétain : བཀའ་བློན་, Wylie : bkaʼ-blon, THL : kalön, dialecte de Lhassa API : kálø ou shape[1] ; translittération en chinois simplifié : 噶伦 ; chinois traditionnel : 噶倫 ; pinyin : gálún) est un ministre dans le gouvernement tibétain, qui siège au kashag, dans le gouvernement tibétain. Le kashag a été créé en 1721 a été créée par le gouvernement central de la dynastie Qing, sous le règne de Kangxi[2]. À partir de 1751, avec l'ordonnance en treize points de l'empereur Qianlong[3], le dalaï-lama devient le chef du gouvernement, se fait assister du kashag et y désigne les kalön[4],[5].

Le kalön tripa (zh) (tibétain : བཀའ་བློན་ཁྲི་པ་, Wylie : bka' blon khri pa, THL : Kalön Tripa ; chinois simplifié : 噶伦赤巴 ; chinois traditionnel : 噶倫赤巴 ; pinyin : gálún chìbā) est l'équivalent du premier ministre.

Quelques kalön

Annexes

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Goldstein 1989, p. 102.
  2. ↑ Norbu 2001, p. 76.
  3. ↑ Wang Jiawei et Nyima Gyaincain, Le statut du Tibet de Chine dans l'histoire, 2003, 367 pages, p. 65.
  4. ↑ Melvyn C. Goldstein, The Snow lion and the Dragon, op. cit., p. 18.
  5. ↑ Jean Dif, Chronologie de l'histoire du Tibet et de ses relations avec le reste du monde (Suite 1).

Bibliographie

  • (en) Melvyn C. Goldstein et Gelek Rimpoche, A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951 : The Demise of the Lamaist State, University of California Press, , 898 p. (ISBN 978-0-520-06140-8, lire en ligne), p. 13–14,102
  • (en) Dawa Norbu, China's Tibet Policy, (lire en ligne)
  • (zh) 光绪, 《钦定大清会典事例》, 全国图书馆文献缩微复制中心影印光绪殿本
  • (zh)［民国］赵尔巽 等：《清史稿》，中华书局点校本
  • (zh) 北京大学历史系 等（1963年）：《西藏地方历史资料选辑》，北京：三联书店
  • 本书编写组（1985年）：《藏族简史》，拉萨：西藏人民出版社

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