Hum (géomorphologie)

Cet article est une ébauche concernant la géologie et un terme géographique.

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Page d’aide sur l’homonymie

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Hum.

Diagramme d'un poljé; le hum est au centre, en 9

Un hum est une colline calcaire qui émerge sur le fond plat d'un poljé, relief résiduel résultant d'une érosion karstique.

Origine du terme

Série de hums (au second plan) dans le poljé de Gacko en Bosnie-Herzégovine

Le terme, d'origine slave, a été introduit par Jovan Cvijić, géographe serbe spécialiste en géomorphologie[1] par généralisation du mot utilisé dans les Alpes dinariques pour désigner ce relief caractéristique des poljés.

Il a un sens équivalent à celui du terme allemand Karstinselberg.

Caractéristiques

Le hum est un terme utilisé spécifiquement en karstologie, bien qu'il se rapproche d'autres formes de relief nommées différemment selon les régions du monde (Puy, Mogote, Mesa, Butte-témoin).

La forme des hums est variable, de convexe dans les karsts à mamelons, à conique (karsts à cônes) en passant par une forme en pitons ou tourelles à sommet plat (karst à tourelle ou kégelkarst)[2]. Ils comportent en général des grottes cachées en leur sein[3].

Toponymes

En Bosnie-Herzégovine, Croatie et Serbie le terme sert fréquemment de toponyme à diverses localités. C'est aussi le nom d'une montagne de Serbie et du Monténégro.

Références

  1. ↑ Relief calcaire et phénomènes karstiques, René Clozier, L'information géographique, 1941
  2. ↑ Dictionnaire simplifié de la géographie, Pascal Saffache, 2003, page 201
  3. ↑ Hydrographie souterraine et évolution morphologique du Karst, Jovan Cvijić, 1918

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