Gueorgui Fliorov

Gueorgui Nikolaïevitch Fliorov
Description de l'image RUSMARKA-1660.jpg.

Naissance
Rostov-sur-le-Don (Empire russe)
Décès (à 77 ans)
Moscou (URSS)
Nationalité Drapeau de la Russie Russe
Domaines Physique nucléaire
Institutions Institut unifié de recherches nucléaires
Renommé pour Projet de bombe atomique soviétique

modifier

Gueorgui Nikolaïevitch Fliorov (en russe : Георгий Николаевич Флёров), né le 17 février 1913 ( dans le calendrier grégorien) à Rostov-sur-le-Don (Empire russe) et mort le à Moscou (URSS), était un physicien nucléaire soviétique russe de premier plan. En 2012, le flérovium est nommé en sa mémoire[1].

Biographie

Fliorov étudie à l'Institut polytechnique de Leningrad (maintenant connu sous le nom d’Université polytechnique de Saint-Pétersbourg) et se spécialise en physique nucléaire.

Il est connu pour avoir écrit à Staline en , soulignant le remarquable silence dans le domaine de la fission nucléaire aux États-Unis, en Grande-Bretagne et en Allemagne[2]. Les exhortations de Fliorov à « construire une bombe à uranium sans délai »[3] conduisent finalement l'URSS à mettre sur pied son propre projet de bombe atomique.

Il est l'un des découvreurs de la fission spontanée. On lui doit également la découverte de deux éléments métalliques de transition : le seaborgium[4] et le bohrium[5].

Il fonde le laboratoire des réactions nucléaires Fliorov à Doubna en 1957, et en est le directeur jusqu'en 1989. Durant cette période, il préside le Conseil scientifique de l'Académie des sciences d'URSS.

Décorations et récompenses

Références

  1. ↑ Mark Brown, « Two Ultraheavy Elements Added to Periodic Table », Wired,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
  2. ↑ (en) Sam Kean, The Disappearing Spoon, , 400 p. (ISBN 978-0-316-08908-1, lire en ligne), p. 86.
  3. ↑ http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/files/nuc_01019501a_138.pdf
  4. ↑ Yu. Ts. Oganesyan, Yu. P. Tret’yakov, A. S. Il’inov, A. G. Demin, A. A. Pleve, S. P. Tret’yakova, V. M. Plofko, M. P. Ivanov, N. A. Danilov, Yu. S. Korotkin, and G. N. Flerov, Synthesis of Neutron-deficient Isotopes of Fermium, Kurchatovium and Element 106, Письма в Журнал экспериментальной и теоретической физики (Pis’ma v Zhurnal Eksperimental’noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (JETP) Letters), 20(1974)580-585 (in Russian, English translation p. 265–266)
  5. ↑ Yu. Ts. Oganesyan, A. G. Demin, N. A. Danilov, M. P. Ivanov, A. S. Il’inov, N. N. Kolesnikov, B. N. Markov, V. M. Plotko, S. P. Tret’yakova, and G. N. Flerov, Experiments on the Synthesis of Element 107, Письма в Журнал экспериментальной и теоретической физики (Pis’ma v Zhurnal Eksperimental’noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (JETP) Letters), 23(1976)306-309 (in Russian, English translation p. 277–279)

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