Glucuronosyltransférase

Glucuronosyltransférase
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Structure d'une vancosaminyltransférase cristallisée (PDB 1RRV[1])
N° EC EC 2.4.1.17
N° CAS 9030-08-4
Activité enzymatique
IUBMB Entrée IUBMB
IntEnz Vue IntEnz
BRENDA Entrée BRENDA
KEGG Entrée KEGG
MetaCyc Voie métabolique
PRIAM Profil
PDB RCSB PDB PDBe PDBj PDBsum
GO AmiGO / EGO

modifier

Une glucuronosyltransférase est une glycosyltransférase détoxifiante qui catalyse la réaction :

UDP-glucuronate + accepteur    UDP + accepteur-β-D-glucuronide.

Ces enzymes se trouvent dans le foie où elles interviennent principalement dans la transformation de la bilirubine non conjuguée (ou libre) en bilirubine conjuguée. Il s'agit d'un ensemble d'enzymes qui acceptent une large gamme de substrats tels que des phénols, des alcools, des amines et des acides gras.

Les félins du genre félis comme le chat sont connus pour ne pas produire cette enzyme [2]. C'est la raison pour laquelle ils sont sensibles au paracétamol et aux insecticides Pyréthrinoïdes.

Synonymes

  • Glucuronyltransférase
  • Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronyltransférase
  • UDP-glucuronyltransférase
  • UDP-GT
  • UGT

Pathologie

Les déficits en glucuronosyltransférases sont responsables de troubles qui varient selon leur importance. Le déficit partiel en un type de glucuronosyltransférase, l'UGT1A1, conduit à la maladie de Gilbert et un déficit total à la maladie de Crigler-Najjar[3]. Le rat Gunn est un rat mutant qui possède un manque de glucuronosyltransférase, de tels rats sont donc ictériques dès la naissance en raison des taux élevés de bilirubine libre et développent à terme des lésions cérébrales généralisées[4].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ (en) Anne M. Mulichak, Wei Lu, Heather C. Losey, Christopher T. Walsh et R. Michael Garavito, « Crystal Structure of Vancosaminyltransferase GtfD from the Vancomycin Biosynthetic Pathway:  Interactions with Acceptor and Nucleotide Ligands », Biochemistry,‎ , p. 5170-5180 (lire en ligne) DOI 10.1021/bi036130c PMID 15122882
  2. ↑ M. H. Court et D. J. Greenblatt, « Molecular genetic basis for deficient acetaminophen glucuronidation by cats: UGT1A6 is a pseudogene, and evidence for reduced diversity of expressed hepatic UGT1A isoforms », Pharmacogenetics, vol. 10, no 4,‎ , p. 355–369 (ISSN 0960-314X, PMID 10862526, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  3. ↑ (en) « UDP-Glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1; UGT1A1 », sur OMIM, (consulté le )
  4. ↑ « Gunn rats - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database », sur rgd.mcw.edu (consulté le )

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