Erythrosuchidae

Erythrosuchidae
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Vue d'artiste de Garjainia prima
(dessin de Dimitri Bogdanov)
Classification
Règne Animalia
Embranchement Chordata
Sous-embr. Vertebrata
Classe Sauropsida
Sous-classe Archosauromorpha
Clade Archosauriformes

Famille

† Erythrosuchidae
Watson, 1917

Les Erythrosuchidae sont une famille fossile de Sauropsides archosauriformes carnivores. Ils ont vécu, en grand nombre, de la fin du Trias inférieur au Trias moyen, entre environ 249 et 237 millions d'années (Ma). Ils faisaient partie à leur époque des prédateurs situés au sommet de la chaine alimentaire.

Taxonomie

La famille des Erythrosuchidae a été créée en 1917 par le paléontologue britannique David Meredith Seares Watson, d'après le genre éponyme Erythrosuchus[1] (du grec ancien signifiant crocodile rouge).

Description

Les Erythrosuchidae étaient longs d'environ 2,5 à 5 mètres, l'un des plus grands étant Erythrosuchus, avec un crâne d'environ 1 mètre.

Liste des genres

Une dizaine de genres ont été attribués à cette famille.

Genre[2] Statut Âge Lieu Description Illustration

Bharitalasuchus

Valide Trias moyen Inde

Chalishevia

Valide Trias moyen Russie européenne

Erythrosuchus

Valide Trias inférieur à moyen Afrique du Sud

Garjainia

Valide Trias inférieur Russie européenne
et Afrique du Sud

Guchengosuchus

Valide Trias inférieur Chine

Shansisuchus

Valide Trias moyen Chine

Uralosaurus

Valide Trias moyen Russie européenne

Vjushkovisaurus[3]

Valide Trias moyen Russie européenne

Paléoécologie

Les Erythrosuchidae étaient des prédateurs de grande taille qui chassaient dans le milieu aquatique, à l'image des crocodiles actuels. On pense qu'ils se nourrissaient notamment de Dicynodontes (Thérapsides anomodontes herbivores de cette époque) et en particulier de Kannemeyeriidae.

Références

  1. ↑ Watson 1917.
  2. ↑ (en) Martín D. Ezcurra, « The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms », PeerJ, vol. 4,‎ , e1778 (PMID 27162705, PMCID 4860341, DOI 10.7717/peerj.1778)
  3. ↑ (en) Sterling J. Nesbitt, « The early evolution of archosaurs: Relationships and the origin of major clades », Columbia University (accès libre),‎ , p. 1–632 (lire en ligne)

Bibliographie

  • (en) D.M.S. Watson, « A sketch classification of the Pre-Jurassic tetrapod vertebrates », Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,‎ , p. 167–186
  • (en) Benton M. J., Vertebrate Paleontology, éd. Blackwell Science, 3e édition 2004

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