Eburodunum

Eburodunum
Image illustrative de l’article Eburodunum
Vue du castrum d'Eburodunum
Localisation
Pays Drapeau de la Suisse Suisse
Canton Vaud
Commune Yverdon-les-Bains
Protection Bien culturel d'importance nationale
Coordonnées 46° 46′ 28″ nord, 6° 38′ 30″ est
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Suisse
(Voir situation sur carte : Suisse)
Eburodunum
Eburodunum
Géolocalisation sur la carte : canton de Vaud
(Voir situation sur carte : canton de Vaud)
Eburodunum
Eburodunum
modifier 

Eburodunum est un oppidum celtique, puis un vicus gallo-romain situé dans la ville vaudoise d'Yverdon-les-Bains, en Suisse.

Ne pas confondre avec Eburodurum (Embrun, Hautes-Alpes).

Histoire

Construit sur les ruines d'un oppidum celte datant d'environ 370 av. J.-C., le vicus gallo-romain d'Eburodunum s'est développé dès le Ier siècle sous la forme d'un fort probablement destiné à la protection du passage et du port sur la Thièle qui se trouve juste à côté[1].

Le site est abandonné dans la seconde moitié du Ier millénaire, à la suite d'une variation du niveau du lac de Neuchâtel qui provoque la construction de la ville médiévale et du château sur la nouvelle rive[2]. Les bâtiments sont alors détruits et les pierres récupérées en grande partie.

Découverte et fouilles du site

L'ensemble du site est inscrit comme bien culturel suisse d'importance nationale[3]. Il se trouve aujourd'hui en grande partie enterré sous des bâtiments modernes ; seule une partie du site a été fouillée et conservée depuis 1821[4]. Des travaux entrepris par une association locale ont permis de reconstruire en pierres sur une hauteur d'environ 50 centimètres, une partie du mur nord du fort ; les autres murs sont simplement marqués dans la chaussée actuelle[1].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ a et b (de) « Eburodunum, Waadt », sur stefan-ramseier.ch (consulté en ).
  2. ↑ Nathalie Pichard Sardet, « Lousonna » dans le Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse en ligne, version du .
  3. ↑ « L'inventaire édité par la confédération suisse, canton de Vaud » [PDF], sur bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch (consulté en ).
  4. ↑ (en) « Eburodunum (Yverdon) Vaud, Switzerland. », sur perseus.tufts.edu (consulté le ).

Voir aussi

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

Bibliographie

  • V. H. Bourgeois, Le castrum romain d'Yverdon, AnzSchweiz, .
  • A. Kasser, « Vestiges au début de l'époque romaine découverte en 1955 », Ur-Schweiz, vol. 19,‎ , p. 51-59.
  • G. Kasser, « Yverdon: Eburodunum », Ur-Schweiz, vol. 33,‎ , p. 54-57.
  • Rodolphe Kasser, Eburodunum : Sér. de travaux archéologiques et historiques, Institut d'archéologie Yverdonnoise, .
  • (de) F. Staehelin, Die Schweiz in römischer Zeit, .
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