Diméthoxyméthane

Diméthoxyméthane
Image illustrative de l’article Diméthoxyméthane
Identification
Nom UICPA diméthoxyméthane
Synonymes

méthylal, formal

No CAS 109-87-5
No ECHA 100.003.378
No CE 203-714-2
No RTECS PA8750000
PubChem 8020
ChEBI 48341
SMILES
InChI
Apparence liquide incolore avec une odeur caractéristique[1] ressemblant à celle du chloroforme[2]
Propriétés chimiques
Formule C3H8O2  [Isomères]
Masse molaire[3] 76,094 4 ± 0,003 6 g/mol
C 47,35 %, H 10,6 %, O 42,05 %,
Propriétés physiques
fusion −105 °C[1]
ébullition 42 °C[1]
Solubilité eau : 285 g·L-1 à 20 °C[1], sol. in éthanol, diéthyl éther, hydrocarbures[4]
Masse volumique 0,86 g·cm-3 à 20 °C[1]
d'auto-inflammation 237 °C[2]
Point d’éclair −32,2 °C (coupelle ouverte)[2]
Limites d’explosivité dans l’air 1,6 à 17,6%[2]
Pression de vapeur saturante
  • 426 hPa à 20 °C[1]
  • 639 hPa à 30 °C[1]
  • 934 hPa à 40 °C[1]
  • 1340 hPa à 50 °C[1]
Cristallographie
Système cristallin monoclinique
Classe cristalline ou groupe d’espace (no 14) [5]
Paramètres de maille a = 617,0(4)pm
b = 800,7(6)pm
c = 925,5(5)pm
α = 90°, β = 107.72(5)°, γ = 90°
Propriétés optiques
Indice de réfraction = 1,3513[2]
Précautions
SGH[1],[2]
SGH02 : InflammableSGH07 : Toxique, irritant, sensibilisant, narcotique
H225, H315, H319, H335, P210 et P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704[2]

Symbole NFPA 704.

 
Transport[2]
-
   1234   
Écotoxicologie
LogP (octanol/eau) 0,18[2]

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

Le diméthoxyméthane est un composé organique de la famille des éther-oxydes de formule C3H8O2. Il est aussi appelé méthylal.

Synthèse

Le diméthoxyméthane peut être obtenu par oxydation du méthanol ou par une réaction entre du formaldéhyde et du méthanol[6],[7].

Propriété

La fonction pression de vapeur, P, suit l'équation d'Antoine, log10(P) = A−(B/(T + C)) (P en kPa, T en K) avec A = 5,50613, B = 804,78 et C = −85,3 dans la plage de température de 273 à 316 K ou avec A = 7,06105, B = 1623,024 et C = 5,834 dans la plage de température de 273 à 318 K[8] . Les valeurs critiques sont 480,6 K pour la température critique, 39,5 bar pour la pression critique et 4,69 mol·l-1 pour la densité critique[9]. Il est miscible avec la plupart des solvants organiques. Avec une teneur molaire en eau de 2,69% et à une pression de 101,38 kPa, le mélange bout de façon homogène à 41,9 °C signe qu'un azéotrope est formé[10].

Utilisation

Le diméthoxyméthane est principalement utilisé comme solvant et dans la production de parfums, résines et revêtements protecteurs. Il est également testé en tant qu'additif pour carburant et comme carburant synthétique[11].

Notes et références

  1. a b c d e f g h i et j Entrée « Dimethoxymethane » dans la base de données de produits chimiques GESTIS de la IFA (organisme allemand responsable de la sécurité et de la santé au travail) (allemand, anglais), accès le 27 mai 2019 (JavaScript nécessaire)
  2. a b c d e f g h et i PubChem CID 8020.
  3. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  4. (de) « Dimethoxymethan », sur Römpp Online, Georg Thieme Verlag (consulté le )
  5. CCDC LIQVUC
  6. (en) Brevet U.S. 6379507B1, Process for producing methylal, Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha, 30 avril 2002.
  7. Xuemei Zhang, Sufei Zhang, Chungui Jian, Synthesis of methylal by catalytic distillation, Chem. Eng. Res. Design, 2011, vol. 89, pp. 573–580. DOI 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.09.002.
  8. Richard M. Stephenson, Stanislaw Malanowski, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier 1987, p. 84. (ISBN 978-94-010-7923-5), DOI 10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2.
  9. Kobe, K.A.; Mathews, J.F., Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures of Some Organic Nitrogen and Oxygen Compounds in J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1970, vol. 15, pp.182–186. DOI 10.1021/je60044a012.
  10. David R. Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 92e éd. (Internet-Version: 2011), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Azeotropic Data for Binary Mixtures, chapitre 6, pp. 210–228.
  11. Martin Härtl, Philipp Seidenspinner, Georg Wachtmeister, Eberhard Jacob: Synthetischer Dieselkraftstoff OME1 — Lösungsansatz für den Zielkonflikt NOx-/Partikel-Emission. In: Springer Verlag (Hrsg.): MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift. Band 75, Nr. 7, S. 68–73.

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